A. 股市有风险,投资要谨慎的英文翻译
The stock market is risky investments to be cautious
B. ！！！求关于股票的英文专用名词！
Accounts payable 应付帐款
Accounts receivable 应收帐款
Accrued interest 应计利息
Accredited Investors 合资格投资者；受信投资人
指符合美国证券交易委员(SEC)条例，可参与一般美国非公开(私募)发行的部份机构和高净值个人投资者
Accredit value 自然增长值
ACE 美国商品交易所
ADB 亚洲开发银行
ADR 美国存股证；美国预托收据； 美国存托凭证
[股市] 指由负责保管所存托外国股票的存托银行所发行一种表明持有人拥有多少外国股票(即存托股份)的收据。ADR一般以美元计价和进行交易，及被视为美国证券。对很多美国投资者而言，买卖ADR比买卖ADR所代表的股票更加方便、更流动、成本较低和容易。
大部份预托收据为ADR；但也可以指全球预托收(GDR) ，欧洲预托收据(EDR) 或国际预托收据(IDR) 。从法律和行政立场而言，所有预托收据具有同样的意义。
ADS 美国存托股份
Affiliated company 关联公司；联营公司
After-market 后市
[股市] 指某只新发行股票在定价和配置后的交易市场。市场参与者关注的是紧随的后市情况，即头几个交易日。有人把后市定义为股价稳定期，即发行结束后的30天。也有人认为后市应指稳定期过后的交易市况。然而，较为普遍的是把这段时期视为二级市场
AGM 周年大会
Agreement 协议；协定
All-or-none order 整批委托
Allocation 分配；配置
Allotment 配股
Alpha (Market Alpha) 阿尔法；预期市场可得收益水平
Alternative investment 另类投资
American Commodities Exchange 美国商品交易所
American Depository Receipt 美国存股证；美国预托收据；美国存托凭证 (简称“ADR ”参见ADR栏目)
American Depository Share 美国存托股份
Amercian Stock Exchange 美国证券交易所
American style option 美式期权
Amex 美国证券交易所
Amortization 摊销
Amsterdam Stock Exchange 阿姆斯特丹证券交易所
Annual General Meeting 周年大会
Antitrust 反垄断
APEC 亚太区经济合作组织(亚太经合组织)
Arbitrage 套利；套汇；套戥
Arbitration 仲裁
Arm's length transaction 公平交易
Articles of Association 公司章程；组织细则
At-the-money option 平价期权；等价期权
ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟 (东盟)
Asian bank syndication market 亚洲银团市场
Asian dollar bonds 亚洲美元债券
Asset Allocation 资产配置
Asset Management 资产管理
Asset swap 资产掉期
Assignment method 转让方法；指定分配方法
ASX 澳大利亚证券交易所
Auckland Stock Exchange 奥克兰证券交易所
Auction market 竞价市场
Authorized capital 法定股本；核准资本
Authorized fund 认可基金
Authorized representative 授权代表
Australian Options Market 澳大利亚期权交易所
Australian Stock Exchange 澳大利亚证券交易所
Back-door listing 借壳上市
Back-end load 撤离费；后收费用
Back office 后勤办公室
Back to back FX agreement 背靠背外汇协议
Balance of trade 贸易平衡
Balance sheet 资产负债表
Balloon maturity 期末放气式偿还
Balloon payment 最末期大笔还清
Bank, Banker, Banking 银行；银行家；银行业
Bank for International Settlements 国际结算银行
Bankruptcy 破产
Base day 基准日
Base rate 基准利率
Basis point 基点；点子
Basis swap 基准掉期
Bear market 熊市；股市行情看淡
Bearer 持票人
Bearer stock 不记名股票
Behind-the-scene 未开拓市场
Below par 低于平值
Benchmark 比较基准
Beneficiary 受益人
Beta (Market beta) 贝他(系数)；市场风险指数
Best practice 最佳做法
Bills department 押汇部
BIS 国际结算银行
Blackout period 封锁期
Block trade 大额交易；大宗买卖
Blue chips 蓝筹股
Board of directors 董事会
Bona fide buyer 真诚买家
Bond market 债券市场，债市
Bonds 债券，债票
Bonus issue 派送红股
Bonus share 红股
Book value 帐面值
Bookbuilding 建立投资者购股意愿档案
[股市] 包销商用以定价一笔发行的方法。包销商在促销活动结束后把所收集的初步购股订单一一记下，然后根据投资者愿意支付的价格水平订定最终发行价。
Bookrunner 投资意愿建档人；帐簿管理人
[股市] 指负责为发行建立投资者购股意愿档案的银行，亦即负责为一笔发行组织承销、拟定不同市场的发行规模、执行促销活动、定价、配置和后市稳定工作的银行。
BOOT 建造；拥有；经营；转让
BOT 建造；经营；转让
Bottom line 底线；最低限度
Bottom-up 由下而上(方法)
Bounced cheque 空头支票
Bourse 股票交易所(法文)
BP (Basis Point) 基点
Brand management 品牌管理
Break-up fees 破除协议费用
Break-up valuation 破产清理价值评估
Breakeven point 收支平衡点
Bridging loan 临时贷款/过渡贷款
Broker, Broking,
Brokerage House 经纪；证券买卖；证券交易；证券行；经纪行
Brussels Stock Exchange 布鲁塞尔证券交易所
BSSM 建造/设备供应-服务/维修
Bubble economy 泡沫经济
Build, Operate and Transfer 建造、经营、转让
Build, Own, Operate and Transfer 建造；拥有；经营；转让
Build/Supply-Service/Maintain 建造/设备供应-服务/维修
Bull market 牛市；股市行情看涨
Bullets 不得赎回直至到期(债券结构之一)
Bullish 看涨; 看好行情
Bundesbank 德国联邦银行；德国央行
Business day 营业日
Business management 业务管理；商务管理；工商管理
Business studies 业务研究；商业研究
Buy-back 回购
Buy-side analyst 买方分析员
[股市]为机构投资者服务的股票研究分析员。
Buyer's credit 买方信贷（进口）
Buyout 收购；买入
By-law 细则；组织章程
CAC 巴黎CAC指数
CAGR 复合年增长率
Call-spread warrant 欧洲式跨价认股权证
Call option 认购期权
Call protection/provision 赎回保障/条款
Call warrant 认购认股权证
Callable bond 可赎回债券
Cap 上限
Capacity 生产能力；产能
CAPEX 资本支出
Capital Adequacy Ratio 资本充足比率
Capital base 资本金；资本基楚
Capital expenditure 资本支出
Capitalization >资本值
Capital markets 资本市场；资金市场
Capital raising 融资；筹集资金
Cash-settled warrant 现金认股权证
Cash earnings per share 每股现金盈利
Cash flow 现金流量
CCASS 中央结算及交收系统
CD 存款证
CEDEL 世达国际结算系统(即欧洲货币市场结算系统)
Ceiling 上限
Ceiling-floor agreement 上下限协议
Central Clearing & Settlement System 中央结算及交收系统
CEO 行政总栽；行政总监；首席执行官
Certificate of deposit 存款证
Certificate of incumbency 公司授权/委任书
CFO 财务总监；首席财务官
Change of domicile 迁册(公司更改注册地址)
Chicago Board of Trade 芝加哥交易所
Chicago Board Options Exchange 芝加哥期权交易所
Chicago Mercantile Exchange 芝加哥商品交易所
China banking 中国银行业
China Capital Markets 中国资本市场；中国资金市场
China International Capital Corporation, CICC 中国国际金融有限公司；中金公司
China privatization 中国民营化；中国私有化；中国私营化
China restructuring 中国重组；中国改组
China Securities Regulatory Commission 中国证监会
China Stock Markets 中国股票市场；中国股市
Chinese Wall 中国墙
指投资银行部与销售部或交易人员之间的隔离，以防范敏感消息外泄，从而构成内幕交易
Claim 索偿
Clawback notification 回拨/增加本地公开发行份额通知
Clean price 洁净价
[债市] 指债券包含应计利息的现值
Closed-end fund 封闭式基金
Co-lead manager 副主承销；联席主承销
Collars 利率上下限
Co-manager 副承销商
Comfort letter 安慰函；告慰信(由会计师发出)
Commercial loan 商业贷款
Commercial paper 商业票据
Commission rebate 佣金回扣
Commodity Exchange, Inc. 商品交易所有限公司 (纽约)
Company finance 公司融资公司财务
Complex cash flow 复合现金流
Compound annual growth rate 复合年增长率
Confidential pre-filing review 呈报前机密性审核
Confidential submission 机密呈交
Confidentiality agreement 保密协议
Conglomerate 集团/联合大企业/多业公司
Connected transaction 关联交易
Consideration 约定金额；代价；考虑因素
Constituent stock 成分股
Construction in progress 在建工程
Consumer Price Index 消费物价指数
Consumption 消费
Contingent liability 或有负债
Contractual joint venture 合约性合作/合资经营
Controlling stake/interest 控股权/权益
Conventional cap 传统上限
Conversion of state assets into state shares 国家资产作价入股
Conversion premium 转换溢价
Conversion price 转换价
Converted net collections 转换后净收入
Convertible bonds 可转换债券；可换股债券
Convexity 债券凸性
[债市]用以量度某只债券的价格与收益关系的方法。存续期间变化比率。
COO 营运总监；首席营运官
Copenhagen Stock Exchange 哥本哈根证券交易所
Corporate finance 企业融资
Corporate governance 企业管治；公司治理
Corporate vision 企业视野
Corporatization 公司化
Cost 成本
Cost overrun loans 成本垫支贷款
Counsel's opinion 法律顾问意见书
Counterparty credit exposure 对手的信贷风险
Coupon 票息；券息
[债市]发行人承诺会按面值年率计算，向债券持有人支付直至到期日的债券利息。举例：假如债券的票息为10%，每年便按面值100元支付10元的利息，一般是分期每6个月(半年) 或3个月(每季) 派息一次。
Coupon rate 孳息率；票息
Coupon frequency 派息频率
[债市] 指债券每年派发利息的次(比如每月、每季、每半年或每年一次)
Covenant 契约
Covered warrant 备兑认股权证
CPI 消费物价指数
Credit facilities 信贷措施
Credit foncia amortization 抵押式摊还法
Credit line 备用信贷；信用额度
Credit rating 信用评级；信贷评级
Credit spread 债券息差
Creditwatch 债信观察
Cross currency interest rate swap 交叉货币利率掉期
CSRC 中国证券监督管理委员会
Currency option 货币期权
Currency swap 货币掉期
Current account deficit 收支往来帐户赤字
Current/liquid ratio 流动比率
Customs & usages 惯例和用法
Custodian 保管机构；托管人
Cyclicality 周期
DAX 德国综合指数
Day count 日算
[债市] 用以计算债券到期前部份期间的应计利息和折现率的协议日数。
Day order 当日指令
Debt equity ratio 债资比率；股本负债率
Debt issuing vehicles 债务发行工具
Debt service coverage ratio 债务偿还比率
Default fine 违约罚金
Defaulting 违约；不履行义务
Deferred asset 递延资产
Deferred charges 递延费用；待摊费用
Deferred tax 递延税项
Deflation 通货紧缩；通缩
Deleveraged 削减头寸
Depreciation 折旧
Derivatives 派生产品；衍生产品；衍生金融投资工具
Deutsche Borse AG 德国证券及衍生工具交易所
Deutsche Terminborse 德国期货交易所
Dilution 摊薄
Direct labor cost 直接劳动成本
Directors' undertakings 董事承诺
Dirty price 脏价
[债市] 指债券不包括应计利息的现值。
Disclosure 信息披露
Discount rate 折扣率；贴现率
Dishonoured cheque 空头支票
Dividend 股息
DJIA 道琼斯工业平均指数
Domesitc Qualified Institutional Investor 国内合资格机构投资者
Double bottom/double dip 双底 (金融图表)
Dow Jones Instries Average Index 道琼斯工业平均指数
DQII 国内合资格机构投资者
Dragon bonds 小龙债券
Drawing expense in advance 预提费用
Dual currency bonds 双货币债券
Due diligence 尽职调查
指为了达成承销一笔证券发行的目的，针对某公司或企业的业务、财务状况和前景(包括其面对的主要风险) 而进行的一个全面的调查。尽职调查一般可分为业务尽职调查和法律尽职调查两类。
Duration 存续期间
[债市] 测量某只债券由于收益变动而产生价格变动的方法。一种测算债券价格波幅相等于债券加权平均到期年期现金流的敏感性测量方法。
E-commerce 电子商务
E-tailers 网上零售商
Earning per share 每股盈利
EBITDA 未计利息、税项、折旧及摊销前盈利
EEC 欧洲经济共同体 (欧共体)
Emerging market 新兴市场
EMU 欧洲货币联盟
Engagement letter 委托书
Environmental protection 环(境) 保(护)
Environmental waste 环境废物
EPS 每股盈利
Equity, Equities 股本，股权，股票
Equity cushion 股本作垫
EU 欧洲联盟(欧盟)
Eurodollar bonds 欧洲美元债券
European Economic Community 欧洲经济共同体（欧共体）
European Monetary Union 欧洲货币联盟
European Options Exchange 欧洲期权交易所 (阿姆斯特丹)
European style option 欧式期权
European Union 欧洲联盟（欧盟）
Ex-coupon 不附息票
Exotic option 第二代期权组合（设回报上或下限）
Exploitation license 采矿许可证
Exploitation right 采矿权
Exploration right 探矿权
Extendible bonds 可延期债券
Extraordinary item 非经常项目
Face value 面值
FEC 外汇券
Federal Open Market Committee 美国联邦公开市场委员会
Fee-Based Content 收费信息 （互联网）
Ficiary 信托人/信托机构
Ficiary ty 受信责任；诚信义务
Financial Advisor 财务顾问；融资顾问
Financial Business Operation Permit 经营金融业务许可证
Financial forecast 财务预测
Financial Management 财务管理
Financial Markets, Financial Procts 金融市场；金融产品
Financial Services 金融服务
Fixed asset losses in suspense 待处理固定资产损失
Fixed income 固定收益；定息债券
Floating Rate Note 浮息票据
Floor 下限
Floor broker 出市经纪
Follow-on offering 后续发行
FOMC 联邦公开市场委员会
Foreign-funded enterprise 外商投资企业
Foreign Exchange 外汇
Foreign Exchange Business Operation Permit 经营外汇业务许可证
Foreign Exchange Certificate 外汇券
Foreign exchange mortgage loan 外汇抵押贷款
Foreign exchange swap center 外汇调剂中心
Formulae Based Amortization 按公式计算的摊还方法
Forward Rate Agreement 远期利率协议
FRA 远期利率协议
Franchiser 项目招商人
Franchisor 特许专营受权公司
Frankfurt Stock Exchange 法兰克福证券交易所
Free float 公众持股量
[股市] 指由机构投资者及公众投资者所持有的股份总数占公司已发行股票总数的百分比
FRN 浮息票据
FTSE Index 伦敦金融时报指数 (又称富时指数)
Fund Management 基金管理
Futures 期货
FX 外汇
G&A 一般费用及行政费用
G7 七大工业国
GAAP 一般公认会计原则
Gateway 网关/国际关口局
GATT 关税及贸易从协定
GDP 国内生产总值
GDR 全球预托收据；全球存股证
Gearing ratio 运用倍数
General Acceptable Accounting Principle 一般公认会计原则
General Agreement on Tariffs
& Trade 关税及贸易从协定
General & Administrative Expenses 一般费用及行政费用
General management 一般管理；综合管理
Global bearer warrant 全球不记名认股权证
Global coordinator 全球协调人
Global Depository Receipt 全球预托证券；全球存股证
Global finance 全球金融；全球财务
Global financial firm/institution 全球金融公司/机构；世界性金融公司/机构
Global offering 全球发行
GNP 国民生产总值
Going public 上市；公开上市
Goodwill amortization 商誉价值摊销
Government Concessionary
& Soft Loan 政府特许及软性贷款
Greenshoe 绿鞋；超额配售选择权
[股市] 超额配售是所有股票发行的一个重要元素，特别是对采用Bookbuilding销售方法的发行而言。包销发行成功主要归功于能争取到高于发行量的投资者需求。在这情况下，未能满足的需求会向后市寻求买入，从而有助实现强劲的价格表现和提高发行在二级市场的流动性。为了让包销商能超额配售然后具有灵活度可从市场买回股份以有助稳定后市的交易价，发行人授予包销商greenshoe，一般相当于发行量的15%，让包销商有选择权可于定价日后30天 (稳定期) 内以发行价向发行人买入额外股份。额外股份只能用于配售给未获满足的超出发行量的投资者订单。超额配售选择权通常是股价在二级市场上升才被行使，不然的话，一般会通过从二级市场买回股票以填补超额销售的数量。
Gross domestic proct 国内生产总值
Gross national proct 国民生产总值
Gross profit 毛利润
Gross spread 总差额
[股市]也称为总佣金或总费用。发行总差额包含三个部份：承销费、经办费和销售特许佣金。
Group of Seven 七大工业国
Gun jumping 偷步
Hang Seng China Enterprise Index 恒生中国企业指数 (香港)
Hang Seng Index 恒生指数 (香港)
Hedge Fund 对冲基金；套保基金
Hedging 对冲; 套保
HIBOR 香港银行同业拆借利率
HKFE 香港期货交易所有限公司
HKMA 香港金融管理局(金管局)
HKSAR 香港特别行政区
HKSCC 香港中央结算有限公司
HKSE 香港证券交易所
Holding Company 控股公司
Homepage 首页（互联网）
Hong Kong Futures Exchange Ltd. 香港期货交易所有限公司
Hong Kong Interbank Offer Rate 香港银行同业拆放利率
Hong Kong Monetary Authority 香港金融管理局(金管局)
Hong Kong Securities Clearing Co. Ltd. 香港中央结算有限公司
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 香港特别行政区
Hong Kong Stock Exchange 香港证券交易所
HSCEI 恒生中国企业指数 (香港)
HSI 恒生指数(恒指) (香港)
Hybrid cap 混合上限
IAS 国际会计准则
ICP 互联网内容供货商
Idle funds 闲置资金
IMF 国际货币基金
IMM 国际货币市场
Implicit deflator 隐性通货紧缩指数
Import quota 进口配额
Import tariff 进口关税
In-the-money 价内（期权）
Incentive site 鱼饵网点（互联网）
Income tax 所得税；入息税；薪俸税
Indemnification 赔偿
Indexed performance 指数表现
Indicative price 指示性价格
Instrail and Commercial Consolidated Tax 工商统一税
Information memoranm 资料备忘录
Information technology 信息科技
Initial Conversion Premium 初次转换溢价
Initial Public Offering 首次公开招股发行
Insider trading 内幕交易
Institutional investor 机构投资者
Intangible asset 无形资产
Intellectual property (IP) 知识产权
Interest Rate Swap 利率掉期
Intergovernmental loan 政府间贷款
Interim report 中期报告
Intermediary 中介机构; 中介人
International Accounting Standards 国际会计准则
International Finance 国际融资
International Market 国际市场
International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金
International Monetary Market 国际货币市场
International Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织
International Trust & Investment Corp. 国际信托投资公司(国投公司)
Internet Content Provider 互联网内容供货商
Internet presence 网上广告
Intrinsic value 内在价值
Inventory 存货；库存
Investment, Investing 投资
Investment advice, Investment advisor 投资咨询；投资顾问
Investment bank, Investment banking 投资银行；投资银行服务
Investment grade 投资级
Investment research 投资研究
Investor Relations 投资者关系
IPO 初次公开发行；首次公开招股
Investor Relations 投资者关系
Irrevocable letter of credit 不可撤消信用状
ISO 国际标准化组织
Issued (and outstanding) shares 已发行股票
Issuer 发行人
IT 信息科技
ITIC 国际信托投资公司(国投公司)
Joint account 联名帐户；共同帐户
Joint and several liabilities 共同及连带责任
Joint global coordinator 联席全球协调人
Joint stock company 股份有限公司
Joint venture 合营企业；合资企业
Jointly operated mines 联办矿
Junior mortgage 次级按揭
Junk bond 垃圾债券
Korea Composite Index 韩国综合指数
Korea Stock Exchange 韩国证券交易所
Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange 吉隆坡证券交易所
L/C 信用状
LBO 杠杆买断交易；借贷融资收购
Lead manager 主承销；牵头经办人
Legal persons shares 法人股
Lender 贷款人
Letter of credit 信用状
Leverage = level of debt/equity 债务水平/比重
Leveraged Buy Out 杠杆买断交易；借贷融资收购
Leveraged rate 杠杆比率
LIBOR 伦敦银行同业拆借利率
Lien 扣押；扣押权；留置权
LIFFE 伦敦国际金融期货及期权交易所
Limited recourse 有限追索权
Limited partnership 有限责任合伙
Linked Exchange Rate System 联系汇率制度
Liquid investment 短期投资
Liquid Yield Option Note 流动收息权利票据
Liquidity 流动性；流动资金；变现能力
Liquidity ratio 速动比率
Listed company 上市公司
Litigation 诉讼
Local toll collecting highway infrastructure index 地方收费公路基楚设施指数
Lock-in 自然出现（条件）
Lock-out 自然消失（条件）
Lock-up 锁定；封锁
[股市]由发行公司或第三者供应方(如适用)作出承诺，在事先未取得承销商(包销商) 的同意前，不得进一步出售股份。封锁期一般是180天，但也可视乎情况而较长。
Lock-Up Agreement 锁定协议
London Commodity Exchange 伦敦商品交易所
London Interbank Offer Rate 伦敦银行同业拆放利率
London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange 伦敦国际金融期货及期权交易所
London Metal Exchange 伦敦金属交易所
London Stock Exchange 伦敦证券交易所
London Traded Options Market 伦敦期权市场
Long (position) 长仓；好仓；看涨
Long call 买入认购权；认购长仓
Long forward 买远期
Long put 买入认沽权；认购短仓
Long-term shareholding (loyalty) incentive 长期持股优惠
Long-term supply agreement 长期供应协议
Loose bond 短期买卖债券
Low-Budget Operation 小本经营
Loyalties 特许费
LSE 伦敦证券交易所
LTOM 伦敦期权市场
LYON 流动收息权利票据
M&A 合并与收购
Macroeconomic 宏观经济；总体经济
Madrid Stock Exchange 马德里证券交易所
Makati Stock Exchange 马卡地证券交易所
Make-Whole Call 以支付溢价为成本的提前还款权利
Make-Whole Provision >提前赎回补偿
Management Best Practice 管理最佳做法
Management Buy-Out, MBO 管理层买断交易；管理层收购
Management fee 经办费
[股市]经办费是支付给银行作为它们处理为准备和执行一笔发行所涉及的工作的报酬，包括设计发行结、组织承销团、准备文件和促销材料等。经办费的基本拆帐方法是按所承担的包销数量计算，认同了有较大包销承担的个别机构一般也承担较多的工作量。此外，设有支付予发行高级参与方的称之“praecipium” 的额外酬金。
Management Seminar, Management Tools 管理人员研讨会；管理工具
Manila Stock Exchange 马尼拉证券交易所
Marche a Terme International
de France 法国国际期货及期权市场
Marche des Options Negociables
de la Bourse de Paris 巴黎证券交易所期货市场
Margin [期货交易] 保证金；按金
Margin call 要求增补按金
Mark-to-market 按市值计价
Market Capitalization 市场资本值；市值
Market maker 报价商；市场庄家
Market order 市价委托
Market share 市场占有率；市场份额
Marketable securities 有价证券
Marketing 促销；推介；营销
[股市] 首次公开招股(IPO) 的促销期包括有公司管理层参与向投资者宣传其投资故事的公司路演、和帐簿管理人向投资者收集订单的Bookbuilding销售活动。期内，经办银行和投资者双方间的销售和研究人员会定期进行对话。紧接发行前促销活动，促销期经过Bookbuilding程序和发行定价的完成而结束。
Material misstatement 重大失实陈述
MATIF 法国国际期货及期权市场
Mature market 成熟市场
Maturity 到期
[债市] 指债券或其它债务工具已到期并须支付总本金金额的日期
Medium and long term loans 中长期贷款
Medium Term Note 中期票据
Memoranm Of Understand
C. 股市有风险 投资需慎重 用英文怎么译
你好,翻译如下,希望能够让你满意!
The stock has risk,so you should be caution when invest.
D. 股市有风险，入市需谨慎 英文专业翻译
额，现在的翻译软件都不太准，我老大跟我说你最好是自己多看书，英文原版的那种，多熟悉，多记忆就好，不过当我拿起哪些大部头时，心中那个茫然啊，泪奔。。。。。。
E. 股票市场简介，帮我用英文翻译下
The stock market
The stock market is stock issuance and trading places, including the issue market and circulation market two parts. Corporations face society stock issued, rapid concentration, a large amount of money to realize proction of scale operation; But social capital surplus who scattered on the principle of "benefit sharing and risks" principle investment joint-stock company, seek wealth of appreciation.
F. 吵股票有一定的风险. 英语怎么说
There's definite risk to trade stocks.
G. 股票筹资风险的英文摘要
The issue market is refers to has the stock from the plan to the sales entire process, the issue market is the call for fund obtains the fund directly the market. the new company's being established, the old company increases funding or offers loans, must through the issue market, probably draw support in has, the sales stock raising fund, causes the fund to enter in the demand hand from the supplier in the relay, is also transforms the deposit as the investment, thus creates the new actual assets and the monetary assets, increases the social total capital and proctivity, promotes the social economy development, this is the basic-level market function.
1. issue market characteristic: First, not fixed place, may in the Investment bank, the Trust investment company and the negotiable securities company and so on place the occurrence, may also in the market the opening offer new stock; Two do not have the unification occurrence time, according to own needs to move toward by the stock publisher with the market quotation decided voluntarily when distributes.
2. has the market constitution: Has the market to be composed of three main body factor interconnection. These three are the stock publisher, the stock credit corroborative in both urban and rural areas and the stock investor. the publisher's stock issue scale and investor's actual investment ability, is deciding the issue market stock capacity and the developed degree; At the same time, to guarantee that has business's smooth advance, causes to have and the investors can realize own goal smoothly, acts as a purchasing agent and has exclusive selling rights the stock intermediary issue market, issues on another's behalf the traveler outstanding share, and charges the proceral fee to the publisher. Thus, the issue market take the credit corroborative in both urban and rural areas as a center, a relation publisher, a relation investor, positively in development stock issue.
3. stock issue way: Under the various countries' different politics, the economy, the social conditions, specially the monetary system and the money market management's difference causes the stock the release way is also many and varied; According to the different taxonomic approach, may summarize as follows
(1) public release does not come together with public release this according to the release object divides. The public release calls male solicits, is refers to does not have the specific release object beforehand, sells the stock publicly to the social general investors the way. selects this method, may expand shareholder's scope, the dispersion owns stocks, prevents to store up the stock or to operate by the small number of people, is advantageous in enhances company's sociality and the popularity, will be later collects more funds to build the foundation. increases the stock the merchantability and the conctivity. The public release may use the method which Joint-stock company sell directly, may also pay certain release expense to adopt the financial Facilitating agency proxy.
The public release is refers to the publisher only to the specific release object sales promotion stock way. Usually uses in two kind of situations: one is the shareholder share matching, also calls the shareholder to share, namely the Joint-stock company assigns this company's new stock subscriber power according to the stock face value to the original shareholder, mobilizes the shareholder to subscribe. This kind of new stock issue price often is lower than the market price, in fact becomes to shareholder's one kind gives favored treatment, generally the shareholders are glad to the subscriber. if some shareholders are not willing to subscribe, he may give up the new stock subscriber power automatically, may also transfer this kind of subscriber power other people, thus has formed the subscriber power transaction. two are the personal share matchings, also calls the third party to share, namely the Joint-stock company sells outside the shareholder the new stock minute this company staff, the intercourse customer and so on to have with the company the special relationship third party. selects this method often to stem from two kind of considerations: First, to press the preferential price to share the new stock for specific, shows to look after; Second, when the new stock issue encounters the difficulty, shares to the third party supports in order to, regardless of being the shareholder or personal sells on ration, because the release object is decides, therefore, does not need through male to solicit the way, not only this may save the request Facilitating agency's handling charge, reces the cost of capital, but may also transfer the shareholder and the internal enthusiasm, item solid and development company's public relation. But the shortcoming is this kind of public release stock fluidity is bad, cannot publicize in the market transfers the sell, will also rece Joint-stock company's sociality and the popularity, will also exist is offered a very low price with the holding danger.
(2) direct release and distributes this is indirectly sells the sell stock according to the publisher the way not to come together divides. The direct release calls the direct stock offering. Is refers to Joint-stock company to undertake stock issue all business and the release risk, sells the sell stock directly to the subscriber the way. when selects the direct release method, requests the publisher to be familiar with the stock offering procere, the familiar stock offering technology and meets certain requirement. When if the amount of subscription cannot achieve the plan stock offering volume, the newly built Joint-stock company's initiators or the existing Joint-stock company's board of directors must subscribe the stock which sells. , is only therefore suitable in has decides the release object or the release risk are few, proceral simple stock. Generally, because public release's stock or the public release has the difficulty (for example prestige low result's market competitiveness difference, could not bear large quantity release expense and so on) the stock; Perhaps the strength is abundant, has confidence realizes large amount private solicits saves release expense the great Joint-stock company stock, only then uses the direct release the way. the indirect release calls the indirect stock offering, is refers to the publisher to entrust the securities issue Facilitating agency to sell the stock the way. These Facilitating agencies take the stock the sales promotion, handles all release business, undertakes certain release risk and withdraws the corresponding income.
The stock indirect release has 3 methods: one is sells goods for the state, is also called the proxy stock offering, the sales promotion is only responsible according to publisher's condition sales promotion stock, the proxy stock offering service, but does not undertake any release risk, sells how many in the stipulated time internal energy to calculate how many, expires still could not sell the stock to return for the publisher. Because distributes the risk and the responsibility completely undertakes by the publisher, the securities issue Facilitating agency is only is entrusted to replace the sales promotion, therefore, the selling goods for the state handling charge is low. two are sells on consignment, also said that Yu Gu acts as a purchasing agent, the stock publisher and the securities issue Facilitating agency signs the sales promotion contract to stipulate explicitly, in stipulated time, if the Facilitating agency actual sales promotion's result has not been able to achieve the contract provision the release amount, its differential part acts as a purchasing agent down by Facilitating agency. This kind of release method's characteristic is can guarantee that completes the stock issue specified amount, generally gains publisher's popularity, but because the Facilitating agency must undertake certain release risk, therefore sells on consignment the handling charge which the expense is higher than sells goods for the state. three are has exclusive selling rights, also the name buys up the stock offering, when distributes the new stock, the securities issue Facilitating agency disposable to buy completely first with own fund is going the public release stock, then sells graally again according to the market quotation, the Facilitating agency earns business price difference. If has the unsalable stock, the Facilitating agency sells at reced price or has, because the publisher may obtain fast plans the fund completely, but the sales promotion wants to undertake the release risk completely, therefore, has exclusive selling rights the expense to be higher than sells goods for the state spends and sells on consignment the expense. when stock indirect release actually uses which one method, the publisher and the sales promotion consideration angle is different, needs both sides to consult the determination. In general, the publisher mainly considered that he in the market prestige, the expenses time, the cost of capital and to sells the trust degree; The sales promotion main consideration undertakes the risk and can obtain income.
3) paid increases funding, free increases funding with matching increases funding this is defers to the investor subscribes time the stock whether pays the payment for shares to divide. Paid increases funding is refers to the subscriber to according to the stock some kind of issue price payment cash, Fang Neng obtain the stock one release way. the general public release's stock and private solicits the way which the shareholder share matching, the personal share matching use paid increase funding, uses this way outstanding share, may collect the capital stock directly from the outside, increases Joint-stock company's capital in cash. free increases funding, is refers to the subscriber not to need to pay the cash to the Joint-stock company to be possible to obtain the stock the release way, the release object is only restricted in the original shareholder, uses this way release the stock, cannot collect the capital stock directly from the outside management, but is depends upon the rection Joint-stock company's common reserve fund or the earnings balance increases the capital in cash, the release way which generally only when the stock distributes dividends draws bonus, the stock split-up and the legal common reserve fund or the earnings extension make capital share matching uses free increases funding, the new stock free issue for the original shareholder, its goal is mainly in proportion divides for the shareholder the profit, heightens the shareholder confidence and the company prestige or to adjust the capital structure. because the free release must receive the sources of fund the limit, therefore, cannot use this way outstanding share frequently. Matching increases funding, is refers to the Joint-stock company when shares the new stock to the original shareholder, only lets the shareholder pay the issue price a part to be possible to obtain certain amount stock the way, for example the shareholder subscribes the currency value is 100 Yuan stocks, only needed the branch society 50 Yuan to be possible, other parts of free releases, arrived sufficiently by company's common reserve fund. This release way is also to the original shareholder's one kind of preferential benefit, can only collect the partial payment for shares again from their there, realizes the company to increase funding very quickly the plan.
The above these stock issue way, has the advantages and the condition restraint respectively, the Joint-stock company when the outstanding share, may select some method, may also concurrently pick several ways, various companies are embark from own actual situation, selects according to qualification. Presently, various countries use most are many, the most universal way are public and the indirect release
H. 股市有哪些专业术语请告诉他们的英文名称，谢谢
在网络里给你找了一点，希望能对你有所帮助,不过个别术语随着时间的推移,称谓多多少少有些变化.
股市术语
牛市
股票市场上买入者多于卖出者，股市行情看涨称为牛市。形成牛市的因素很多，主要包括以下几个方面：①经济因素：股份企业盈利增多、经济处于繁荣时期、利率下降、新兴产业发展、温和的通货膨胀等都可能推动股市价格上涨。②政治因素：政府政策、法令颁行、或发生了突变的政治事件都可引起股票价格上涨。③股票市场本身的因素：如发行抢购风潮、投机者的卖空交易、大户大量购进股票都可引发牛市发生。
熊市
熊市与牛市相反。股票市场上卖出者多于买入者，股市行情看跌称为熊市。引发熊市的因素与引发牛市的因素差不多，不过是向相反方向变动。
牛皮市
走势波动小，陷入盘整，成交及低。成长股
是指这样一些公司所发行的股票，它们的销售额和利润额持续增长，而且其速度快于整个国家和本行业的增长。这些公司通常有宏图伟略，注重科研，留有大利润作为再投资以促进其扩张。
优绩股
是指过去几年业绩和盈余较佳,展望未来几年仍可看好，只是不会再有高度成长的可能的股票。该行业远景尚佳，投资报酬率也能维持一定的高水平。
投机股
是指那些从事开发性或冒险性的公司的股票。这些股票有时在几天内上涨许多倍，因而能够吸引一些投机者。这种股票的风险性很大。
多头、多头市场
多头是指投资者对股市看好，预计股价将会看涨，于是趁低价时买进股票，待股票上涨至某一价位时再卖出，以获取差额收益。一般来说，人们通常把股价长期保持上涨势头的股票市场称为多头市场。多头市场股价变化的主要特征是一连串的大涨小跌。
空头、空头市场
空头是投资者和股票商认为现时股价虽然较高，但对股市前景看坏，预计股价将会下跌，于是把借来的股票及时卖出，待股价跌至某一价位时再买进，以获取差额收益。采用这种先卖出后买进、从中赚取差价的交易方式称为空头。人们通常把股价长期呈下跌趋势的股票市场称为空头市场，空头市场股价变化的特征是一连串的大跌小涨。
买空
投资者预测股价将会上涨，但自有资金有限不能购进大量股票于是先缴纳部分保证金，并通过经纪人向银行融资以买进股票，待股价上涨到某一价位时再卖，以获取差额收益。
卖空
卖空是投资者预测股票价格将会下跌，于是向经纪人交付抵押金，并借入股票抢先卖出。待股价下跌到某一价位时再买进股票，然后归还借入股票，并从中获取差额收益。
利多
利多是指刺激股价上涨的信息，如股票上市公司经营业绩好转、银行利率降低、社会资金充足、银行信贷资金放宽、市场繁荣等，以及其他政治、经济、军事、外交等方面对股价上涨有利的信息。
利空
利空是指能够促使股价下跌的信息，如股票上市公司经营业绩恶化、银行紧缩、银行利率调高、经济衰退、通货膨胀、天灾人祸等，以及其他政治、经济军事、外交等方面促使股价下跌的不利消息。
长空
长空是指长时间做空头的意思。投资者对股势长远前景看坏，预计股价会持续下跌，在借股卖出后，一直要等股价下跌很长一段时间后再买进，以期获取厚利。
长多
长多是指长时间做多头的意思。投资者对股势前景看好，现时买进股票后准备长期持有，以期股价长期上涨后获取高额差价。
死多
死多是指抱定主意做多头的意思。投资者对股势长远前景看好，买进股票准备长期持有，并抱定一个主意，不赚钱不卖，宁可放上若干年，一直到股票上涨到一个理想价位再卖出。
跳空
股价受利多或利空影响后，出现较大幅度上下跳动的现象。当股价受利多影响上涨时，交易所内当天的开盘价或最低价高于前一天收盘价两个申报单位以上。当股价下跌时，当天的开盘价或最高价低于前一天收盘价在两个申报单位以上。或在一天的交易中，上涨或下跌超过一个申报单位。以上这种股价大幅度跳动现象称之为跳空。
吊空
股票投资者做空头，卖出股票后，但股票价格当天并未下跌，反而有所上涨，只得高价赔钱买回，这就是吊空。
实空
指以自己手中持有的股票放空，股价反弹时并不需要着急补回的人。
空手
指手中无股票，即不是空头，也不是多头，观望股势，等待股价低时买进，高时借股放空的人。
补空
指空头买回以前借来卖出的股票。短空
指对股市前途看跌，借来股票卖出，但于短时间内即买回。
实多
投资者对股价前景看涨，利用自己的资金实力做多头，即使以后股价出现下跌现象，也不急于将购入的股票出手。
开盘价
开盘是指某种证券在证券交易所每个营业日的第一笔交易，第一笔交易的成交价即为当日开盘价。按上海证券交易所规定，如开市后半小时内某证券无成交，则以前一天的盘价为当日开盘价。有时某证券连续几天无成交，则由证券交易所根据客户对该证券买卖委托的价格走势，提出指导价格，促使其成交后作为开盘价。首日上市买卖的证券经上市前一日柜台转让平均价或平均发售价为开盘价。
开平盘
指今日的开盘价与前一营业日的收盘价相同。
收盘价
收盘价是指某种证券在证券交易所一天交易活动结束前最后一笔交易的成交价格。如当日没有成交，则采用最近一次的成交价格作为收盘价，因为收盘价是当日行情的标准，又是下一个交易日开盘价的依据，可据以预测未来证券市场行情；所以投资者对行情分析时，一般采用收盘价作为计算依据。
I. VC、PE、IPO是什么意思
一、VC：指风险投资，主要是指向初创企业提供资金支持并取得该公司股份的一种融资方式。风险投资是私人股权投资的一种形式。风险投资公司为一专业的投资公司，由一群具有科技及财务相关知识与经验的人所组合而成的，经由直接投资获取投资公司股权的方式，提供资金给需要资金者（被投资公司）。
风投公司的资金大多用于投资新创事业或是未上市企业（虽然现今法规上已大幅放宽资金用途），并不以经营被投资公司为目的，仅是提供资金及专业上的知识与经验，以协助被投资公司获取更大的利润为目的，所以是一追求长期利润的高风险高报酬事业。
二、PE：指市盈率。市盈率是最常用来评估股价水平是否合理的指标之一，由股价除以年度每股盈余（EPS）得出（以公司市值除以年度股东应占溢利亦可得出相同结果）。
计算时，股价通常取最新收盘价，而EPS方面，若按已公布的上年度EPS计算，称为历史市盈率；计算预估市盈率所用的EPS预估值，一般采用市场平均预估，即追踪公司业绩的机构收集多位分析师的预测所得到的预估平均值或中值。何谓合理的市盈率没有一定的准则。
三、IPO：指首次公开募股。首次公开募股（Initial Public Offerings，简称IPO）是指一家企业或公司第一次将它的股份向公众出售（首次公开发行，指股份公司首次向社会公众公开招股的发行方式）。
通常，上市公司的股份是根据相应证监会出具的招股书或登记声明中约定的条款通过经纪商或做市商进行销售。一般来说，一旦首次公开上市完成后，这家公司就可以申请到证券交易所或报价系统挂牌交易。有限责任公司在申请IPO之前，应先变更为股份有限公司。
(9)股票市场的风险英语扩展阅读：
VC（风险投资）的特点：
风险投资之所以被称为风险投资，是因为在风险投资中有很多的不确定性，给投资及其回报带来很大的风险。一般来说，风险投资都是投资于拥有高新技术的初创企业，这些企业的创始人都具有很出色的技术专长，但是在公司管理上缺乏经验。
另外一点就是一种新技术能否在短期内转化为实际产品并为市场所接受，这也是不确定的。还有其他的一些不确定因素导致人们普遍认为这种投资具有高风险性，但是不容否认的是风险投资的高回报率。
也许最被人们熟悉但却也最不被人理解的一种投资风险是市场风险。在一个高度流通的市场，比如说在世界各地的股票交易市场，股票的价格取决于供求关系。假设对于一个特定的股票或者债券，如果它的需求上升，价格会随之上调，因为每个购买者都愿意为股票付出更多。
风险投资家既是投资者又是经营者。风险投资家一般都有很强的技术背景，同时他们也拥有专业的经营管理知识，这样的知识背景帮助他们能够很好的理解高科技企业的商业模式，并且能够帮助创业者改善企业的经营和管理。