❶ ！！！求关于股票的英文专用名词！
Accounts payable 应付帐款
Accounts receivable 应收帐款
Accrued interest 应计利息
Accredited Investors 合资格投资者；受信投资人
指符合美国证券交易委员(SEC)条例，可参与一般美国非公开(私募)发行的部份机构和高净值个人投资者
Accredit value 自然增长值
ACE 美国商品交易所
ADB 亚洲开发银行
ADR 美国存股证；美国预托收据； 美国存托凭证
[股市] 指由负责保管所存托外国股票的存托银行所发行一种表明持有人拥有多少外国股票(即存托股份)的收据。ADR一般以美元计价和进行交易，及被视为美国证券。对很多美国投资者而言，买卖ADR比买卖ADR所代表的股票更加方便、更流动、成本较低和容易。
大部份预托收据为ADR；但也可以指全球预托收(GDR) ，欧洲预托收据(EDR) 或国际预托收据(IDR) 。从法律和行政立场而言，所有预托收据具有同样的意义。
ADS 美国存托股份
Affiliated company 关联公司；联营公司
After-market 后市
[股市] 指某只新发行股票在定价和配置后的交易市场。市场参与者关注的是紧随的后市情况，即头几个交易日。有人把后市定义为股价稳定期，即发行结束后的30天。也有人认为后市应指稳定期过后的交易市况。然而，较为普遍的是把这段时期视为二级市场
AGM 周年大会
Agreement 协议；协定
All-or-none order 整批委托
Allocation 分配；配置
Allotment 配股
Alpha (Market Alpha) 阿尔法；预期市场可得收益水平
Alternative investment 另类投资
American Commodities Exchange 美国商品交易所
American Depository Receipt 美国存股证；美国预托收据；美国存托凭证 (简称“ADR ”参见ADR栏目)
American Depository Share 美国存托股份
Amercian Stock Exchange 美国证券交易所
American style option 美式期权
Amex 美国证券交易所
Amortization 摊销
Amsterdam Stock Exchange 阿姆斯特丹证券交易所
Annual General Meeting 周年大会
Antitrust 反垄断
APEC 亚太区经济合作组织(亚太经合组织)
Arbitrage 套利；套汇；套戥
Arbitration 仲裁
Arm's length transaction 公平交易
Articles of Association 公司章程；组织细则
At-the-money option 平价期权；等价期权
ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟 (东盟)
Asian bank syndication market 亚洲银团市场
Asian dollar bonds 亚洲美元债券
Asset Allocation 资产配置
Asset Management 资产管理
Asset swap 资产掉期
Assignment method 转让方法；指定分配方法
ASX 澳大利亚证券交易所
Auckland Stock Exchange 奥克兰证券交易所
Auction market 竞价市场
Authorized capital 法定股本；核准资本
Authorized fund 认可基金
Authorized representative 授权代表
Australian Options Market 澳大利亚期权交易所
Australian Stock Exchange 澳大利亚证券交易所
Back-door listing 借壳上市
Back-end load 撤离费；后收费用
Back office 后勤办公室
Back to back FX agreement 背靠背外汇协议
Balance of trade 贸易平衡
Balance sheet 资产负债表
Balloon maturity 期末放气式偿还
Balloon payment 最末期大笔还清
Bank, Banker, Banking 银行；银行家；银行业
Bank for International Settlements 国际结算银行
Bankruptcy 破产
Base day 基准日
Base rate 基准利率
Basis point 基点；点子
Basis swap 基准掉期
Bear market 熊市；股市行情看淡
Bearer 持票人
Bearer stock 不记名股票
Behind-the-scene 未开拓市场
Below par 低于平值
Benchmark 比较基准
Beneficiary 受益人
Beta (Market beta) 贝他(系数)；市场风险指数
Best practice 最佳做法
Bills department 押汇部
BIS 国际结算银行
Blackout period 封锁期
Block trade 大额交易；大宗买卖
Blue chips 蓝筹股
Board of directors 董事会
Bona fide buyer 真诚买家
Bond market 债券市场，债市
Bonds 债券，债票
Bonus issue 派送红股
Bonus share 红股
Book value 帐面值
Bookbuilding 建立投资者购股意愿档案
[股市] 包销商用以定价一笔发行的方法。包销商在促销活动结束后把所收集的初步购股订单一一记下，然后根据投资者愿意支付的价格水平订定最终发行价。
Bookrunner 投资意愿建档人；帐簿管理人
[股市] 指负责为发行建立投资者购股意愿档案的银行，亦即负责为一笔发行组织承销、拟定不同市场的发行规模、执行促销活动、定价、配置和后市稳定工作的银行。
BOOT 建造；拥有；经营；转让
BOT 建造；经营；转让
Bottom line 底线；最低限度
Bottom-up 由下而上(方法)
Bounced cheque 空头支票
Bourse 股票交易所(法文)
BP (Basis Point) 基点
Brand management 品牌管理
Break-up fees 破除协议费用
Break-up valuation 破产清理价值评估
Breakeven point 收支平衡点
Bridging loan 临时贷款/过渡贷款
Broker, Broking,
Brokerage House 经纪；证券买卖；证券交易；证券行；经纪行
Brussels Stock Exchange 布鲁塞尔证券交易所
BSSM 建造/设备供应-服务/维修
Bubble economy 泡沫经济
Build, Operate and Transfer 建造、经营、转让
Build, Own, Operate and Transfer 建造；拥有；经营；转让
Build/Supply-Service/Maintain 建造/设备供应-服务/维修
Bull market 牛市；股市行情看涨
Bullets 不得赎回直至到期(债券结构之一)
Bullish 看涨; 看好行情
Bundesbank 德国联邦银行；德国央行
Business day 营业日
Business management 业务管理；商务管理；工商管理
Business studies 业务研究；商业研究
Buy-back 回购
Buy-side analyst 买方分析员
[股市]为机构投资者服务的股票研究分析员。
Buyer's credit 买方信贷（进口）
Buyout 收购；买入
By-law 细则；组织章程
CAC 巴黎CAC指数
CAGR 复合年增长率
Call-spread warrant 欧洲式跨价认股权证
Call option 认购期权
Call protection/provision 赎回保障/条款
Call warrant 认购认股权证
Callable bond 可赎回债券
Cap 上限
Capacity 生产能力；产能
CAPEX 资本支出
Capital Adequacy Ratio 资本充足比率
Capital base 资本金；资本基楚
Capital expenditure 资本支出
Capitalization >资本值
Capital markets 资本市场；资金市场
Capital raising 融资；筹集资金
Cash-settled warrant 现金认股权证
Cash earnings per share 每股现金盈利
Cash flow 现金流量
CCASS 中央结算及交收系统
CD 存款证
CEDEL 世达国际结算系统(即欧洲货币市场结算系统)
Ceiling 上限
Ceiling-floor agreement 上下限协议
Central Clearing & Settlement System 中央结算及交收系统
CEO 行政总栽；行政总监；首席执行官
Certificate of deposit 存款证
Certificate of incumbency 公司授权/委任书
CFO 财务总监；首席财务官
Change of domicile 迁册(公司更改注册地址)
Chicago Board of Trade 芝加哥交易所
Chicago Board Options Exchange 芝加哥期权交易所
Chicago Mercantile Exchange 芝加哥商品交易所
China banking 中国银行业
China Capital Markets 中国资本市场；中国资金市场
China International Capital Corporation, CICC 中国国际金融有限公司；中金公司
China privatization 中国民营化；中国私有化；中国私营化
China restructuring 中国重组；中国改组
China Securities Regulatory Commission 中国证监会
China Stock Markets 中国股票市场；中国股市
Chinese Wall 中国墙
指投资银行部与销售部或交易人员之间的隔离，以防范敏感消息外泄，从而构成内幕交易
Claim 索偿
Clawback notification 回拨/增加本地公开发行份额通知
Clean price 洁净价
[债市] 指债券包含应计利息的现值
Closed-end fund 封闭式基金
Co-lead manager 副主承销；联席主承销
Collars 利率上下限
Co-manager 副承销商
Comfort letter 安慰函；告慰信(由会计师发出)
Commercial loan 商业贷款
Commercial paper 商业票据
Commission rebate 佣金回扣
Commodity Exchange, Inc. 商品交易所有限公司 (纽约)
Company finance 公司融资公司财务
Complex cash flow 复合现金流
Compound annual growth rate 复合年增长率
Confidential pre-filing review 呈报前机密性审核
Confidential submission 机密呈交
Confidentiality agreement 保密协议
Conglomerate 集团/联合大企业/多业公司
Connected transaction 关联交易
Consideration 约定金额；代价；考虑因素
Constituent stock 成分股
Construction in progress 在建工程
Consumer Price Index 消费物价指数
Consumption 消费
Contingent liability 或有负债
Contractual joint venture 合约性合作/合资经营
Controlling stake/interest 控股权/权益
Conventional cap 传统上限
Conversion of state assets into state shares 国家资产作价入股
Conversion premium 转换溢价
Conversion price 转换价
Converted net collections 转换后净收入
Convertible bonds 可转换债券；可换股债券
Convexity 债券凸性
[债市]用以量度某只债券的价格与收益关系的方法。存续期间变化比率。
COO 营运总监；首席营运官
Copenhagen Stock Exchange 哥本哈根证券交易所
Corporate finance 企业融资
Corporate governance 企业管治；公司治理
Corporate vision 企业视野
Corporatization 公司化
Cost 成本
Cost overrun loans 成本垫支贷款
Counsel's opinion 法律顾问意见书
Counterparty credit exposure 对手的信贷风险
Coupon 票息；券息
[债市]发行人承诺会按面值年率计算，向债券持有人支付直至到期日的债券利息。举例：假如债券的票息为10%，每年便按面值100元支付10元的利息，一般是分期每6个月(半年) 或3个月(每季) 派息一次。
Coupon rate 孳息率；票息
Coupon frequency 派息频率
[债市] 指债券每年派发利息的次(比如每月、每季、每半年或每年一次)
Covenant 契约
Covered warrant 备兑认股权证
CPI 消费物价指数
Credit facilities 信贷措施
Credit foncia amortization 抵押式摊还法
Credit line 备用信贷；信用额度
Credit rating 信用评级；信贷评级
Credit spread 债券息差
Creditwatch 债信观察
Cross currency interest rate swap 交叉货币利率掉期
CSRC 中国证券监督管理委员会
Currency option 货币期权
Currency swap 货币掉期
Current account deficit 收支往来帐户赤字
Current/liquid ratio 流动比率
Customs & usages 惯例和用法
Custodian 保管机构；托管人
Cyclicality 周期
DAX 德国综合指数
Day count 日算
[债市] 用以计算债券到期前部份期间的应计利息和折现率的协议日数。
Day order 当日指令
Debt equity ratio 债资比率；股本负债率
Debt issuing vehicles 债务发行工具
Debt service coverage ratio 债务偿还比率
Default fine 违约罚金
Defaulting 违约；不履行义务
Deferred asset 递延资产
Deferred charges 递延费用；待摊费用
Deferred tax 递延税项
Deflation 通货紧缩；通缩
Deleveraged 削减头寸
Depreciation 折旧
Derivatives 派生产品；衍生产品；衍生金融投资工具
Deutsche Borse AG 德国证券及衍生工具交易所
Deutsche Terminborse 德国期货交易所
Dilution 摊薄
Direct labor cost 直接劳动成本
Directors' undertakings 董事承诺
Dirty price 脏价
[债市] 指债券不包括应计利息的现值。
Disclosure 信息披露
Discount rate 折扣率；贴现率
Dishonoured cheque 空头支票
Dividend 股息
DJIA 道琼斯工业平均指数
Domesitc Qualified Institutional Investor 国内合资格机构投资者
Double bottom/double dip 双底 (金融图表)
Dow Jones Instries Average Index 道琼斯工业平均指数
DQII 国内合资格机构投资者
Dragon bonds 小龙债券
Drawing expense in advance 预提费用
Dual currency bonds 双货币债券
Due diligence 尽职调查
指为了达成承销一笔证券发行的目的，针对某公司或企业的业务、财务状况和前景(包括其面对的主要风险) 而进行的一个全面的调查。尽职调查一般可分为业务尽职调查和法律尽职调查两类。
Duration 存续期间
[债市] 测量某只债券由于收益变动而产生价格变动的方法。一种测算债券价格波幅相等于债券加权平均到期年期现金流的敏感性测量方法。
E-commerce 电子商务
E-tailers 网上零售商
Earning per share 每股盈利
EBITDA 未计利息、税项、折旧及摊销前盈利
EEC 欧洲经济共同体 (欧共体)
Emerging market 新兴市场
EMU 欧洲货币联盟
Engagement letter 委托书
Environmental protection 环(境) 保(护)
Environmental waste 环境废物
EPS 每股盈利
Equity, Equities 股本，股权，股票
Equity cushion 股本作垫
EU 欧洲联盟(欧盟)
Eurodollar bonds 欧洲美元债券
European Economic Community 欧洲经济共同体（欧共体）
European Monetary Union 欧洲货币联盟
European Options Exchange 欧洲期权交易所 (阿姆斯特丹)
European style option 欧式期权
European Union 欧洲联盟（欧盟）
Ex-coupon 不附息票
Exotic option 第二代期权组合（设回报上或下限）
Exploitation license 采矿许可证
Exploitation right 采矿权
Exploration right 探矿权
Extendible bonds 可延期债券
Extraordinary item 非经常项目
Face value 面值
FEC 外汇券
Federal Open Market Committee 美国联邦公开市场委员会
Fee-Based Content 收费信息 （互联网）
Ficiary 信托人/信托机构
Ficiary ty 受信责任；诚信义务
Financial Advisor 财务顾问；融资顾问
Financial Business Operation Permit 经营金融业务许可证
Financial forecast 财务预测
Financial Management 财务管理
Financial Markets, Financial Procts 金融市场；金融产品
Financial Services 金融服务
Fixed asset losses in suspense 待处理固定资产损失
Fixed income 固定收益；定息债券
Floating Rate Note 浮息票据
Floor 下限
Floor broker 出市经纪
Follow-on offering 后续发行
FOMC 联邦公开市场委员会
Foreign-funded enterprise 外商投资企业
Foreign Exchange 外汇
Foreign Exchange Business Operation Permit 经营外汇业务许可证
Foreign Exchange Certificate 外汇券
Foreign exchange mortgage loan 外汇抵押贷款
Foreign exchange swap center 外汇调剂中心
Formulae Based Amortization 按公式计算的摊还方法
Forward Rate Agreement 远期利率协议
FRA 远期利率协议
Franchiser 项目招商人
Franchisor 特许专营受权公司
Frankfurt Stock Exchange 法兰克福证券交易所
Free float 公众持股量
[股市] 指由机构投资者及公众投资者所持有的股份总数占公司已发行股票总数的百分比
FRN 浮息票据
FTSE Index 伦敦金融时报指数 (又称富时指数)
Fund Management 基金管理
Futures 期货
FX 外汇
G&A 一般费用及行政费用
G7 七大工业国
GAAP 一般公认会计原则
Gateway 网关/国际关口局
GATT 关税及贸易从协定
GDP 国内生产总值
GDR 全球预托收据；全球存股证
Gearing ratio 运用倍数
General Acceptable Accounting Principle 一般公认会计原则
General Agreement on Tariffs
& Trade 关税及贸易从协定
General & Administrative Expenses 一般费用及行政费用
General management 一般管理；综合管理
Global bearer warrant 全球不记名认股权证
Global coordinator 全球协调人
Global Depository Receipt 全球预托证券；全球存股证
Global finance 全球金融；全球财务
Global financial firm/institution 全球金融公司/机构；世界性金融公司/机构
Global offering 全球发行
GNP 国民生产总值
Going public 上市；公开上市
Goodwill amortization 商誉价值摊销
Government Concessionary
& Soft Loan 政府特许及软性贷款
Greenshoe 绿鞋；超额配售选择权
[股市] 超额配售是所有股票发行的一个重要元素，特别是对采用Bookbuilding销售方法的发行而言。包销发行成功主要归功于能争取到高于发行量的投资者需求。在这情况下，未能满足的需求会向后市寻求买入，从而有助实现强劲的价格表现和提高发行在二级市场的流动性。为了让包销商能超额配售然后具有灵活度可从市场买回股份以有助稳定后市的交易价，发行人授予包销商greenshoe，一般相当于发行量的15%，让包销商有选择权可于定价日后30天 (稳定期) 内以发行价向发行人买入额外股份。额外股份只能用于配售给未获满足的超出发行量的投资者订单。超额配售选择权通常是股价在二级市场上升才被行使，不然的话，一般会通过从二级市场买回股票以填补超额销售的数量。
Gross domestic proct 国内生产总值
Gross national proct 国民生产总值
Gross profit 毛利润
Gross spread 总差额
[股市]也称为总佣金或总费用。发行总差额包含三个部份：承销费、经办费和销售特许佣金。
Group of Seven 七大工业国
Gun jumping 偷步
Hang Seng China Enterprise Index 恒生中国企业指数 (香港)
Hang Seng Index 恒生指数 (香港)
Hedge Fund 对冲基金；套保基金
Hedging 对冲; 套保
HIBOR 香港银行同业拆借利率
HKFE 香港期货交易所有限公司
HKMA 香港金融管理局(金管局)
HKSAR 香港特别行政区
HKSCC 香港中央结算有限公司
HKSE 香港证券交易所
Holding Company 控股公司
Homepage 首页（互联网）
Hong Kong Futures Exchange Ltd. 香港期货交易所有限公司
Hong Kong Interbank Offer Rate 香港银行同业拆放利率
Hong Kong Monetary Authority 香港金融管理局(金管局)
Hong Kong Securities Clearing Co. Ltd. 香港中央结算有限公司
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 香港特别行政区
Hong Kong Stock Exchange 香港证券交易所
HSCEI 恒生中国企业指数 (香港)
HSI 恒生指数(恒指) (香港)
Hybrid cap 混合上限
IAS 国际会计准则
ICP 互联网内容供货商
Idle funds 闲置资金
IMF 国际货币基金
IMM 国际货币市场
Implicit deflator 隐性通货紧缩指数
Import quota 进口配额
Import tariff 进口关税
In-the-money 价内（期权）
Incentive site 鱼饵网点（互联网）
Income tax 所得税；入息税；薪俸税
Indemnification 赔偿
Indexed performance 指数表现
Indicative price 指示性价格
Instrail and Commercial Consolidated Tax 工商统一税
Information memoranm 资料备忘录
Information technology 信息科技
Initial Conversion Premium 初次转换溢价
Initial Public Offering 首次公开招股发行
Insider trading 内幕交易
Institutional investor 机构投资者
Intangible asset 无形资产
Intellectual property (IP) 知识产权
Interest Rate Swap 利率掉期
Intergovernmental loan 政府间贷款
Interim report 中期报告
Intermediary 中介机构; 中介人
International Accounting Standards 国际会计准则
International Finance 国际融资
International Market 国际市场
International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金
International Monetary Market 国际货币市场
International Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织
International Trust & Investment Corp. 国际信托投资公司(国投公司)
Internet Content Provider 互联网内容供货商
Internet presence 网上广告
Intrinsic value 内在价值
Inventory 存货；库存
Investment, Investing 投资
Investment advice, Investment advisor 投资咨询；投资顾问
Investment bank, Investment banking 投资银行；投资银行服务
Investment grade 投资级
Investment research 投资研究
Investor Relations 投资者关系
IPO 初次公开发行；首次公开招股
Investor Relations 投资者关系
Irrevocable letter of credit 不可撤消信用状
ISO 国际标准化组织
Issued (and outstanding) shares 已发行股票
Issuer 发行人
IT 信息科技
ITIC 国际信托投资公司(国投公司)
Joint account 联名帐户；共同帐户
Joint and several liabilities 共同及连带责任
Joint global coordinator 联席全球协调人
Joint stock company 股份有限公司
Joint venture 合营企业；合资企业
Jointly operated mines 联办矿
Junior mortgage 次级按揭
Junk bond 垃圾债券
Korea Composite Index 韩国综合指数
Korea Stock Exchange 韩国证券交易所
Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange 吉隆坡证券交易所
L/C 信用状
LBO 杠杆买断交易；借贷融资收购
Lead manager 主承销；牵头经办人
Legal persons shares 法人股
Lender 贷款人
Letter of credit 信用状
Leverage = level of debt/equity 债务水平/比重
Leveraged Buy Out 杠杆买断交易；借贷融资收购
Leveraged rate 杠杆比率
LIBOR 伦敦银行同业拆借利率
Lien 扣押；扣押权；留置权
LIFFE 伦敦国际金融期货及期权交易所
Limited recourse 有限追索权
Limited partnership 有限责任合伙
Linked Exchange Rate System 联系汇率制度
Liquid investment 短期投资
Liquid Yield Option Note 流动收息权利票据
Liquidity 流动性；流动资金；变现能力
Liquidity ratio 速动比率
Listed company 上市公司
Litigation 诉讼
Local toll collecting highway infrastructure index 地方收费公路基楚设施指数
Lock-in 自然出现（条件）
Lock-out 自然消失（条件）
Lock-up 锁定；封锁
[股市]由发行公司或第三者供应方(如适用)作出承诺，在事先未取得承销商(包销商) 的同意前，不得进一步出售股份。封锁期一般是180天，但也可视乎情况而较长。
Lock-Up Agreement 锁定协议
London Commodity Exchange 伦敦商品交易所
London Interbank Offer Rate 伦敦银行同业拆放利率
London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange 伦敦国际金融期货及期权交易所
London Metal Exchange 伦敦金属交易所
London Stock Exchange 伦敦证券交易所
London Traded Options Market 伦敦期权市场
Long (position) 长仓；好仓；看涨
Long call 买入认购权；认购长仓
Long forward 买远期
Long put 买入认沽权；认购短仓
Long-term shareholding (loyalty) incentive 长期持股优惠
Long-term supply agreement 长期供应协议
Loose bond 短期买卖债券
Low-Budget Operation 小本经营
Loyalties 特许费
LSE 伦敦证券交易所
LTOM 伦敦期权市场
LYON 流动收息权利票据
M&A 合并与收购
Macroeconomic 宏观经济；总体经济
Madrid Stock Exchange 马德里证券交易所
Makati Stock Exchange 马卡地证券交易所
Make-Whole Call 以支付溢价为成本的提前还款权利
Make-Whole Provision >提前赎回补偿
Management Best Practice 管理最佳做法
Management Buy-Out, MBO 管理层买断交易；管理层收购
Management fee 经办费
[股市]经办费是支付给银行作为它们处理为准备和执行一笔发行所涉及的工作的报酬，包括设计发行结、组织承销团、准备文件和促销材料等。经办费的基本拆帐方法是按所承担的包销数量计算，认同了有较大包销承担的个别机构一般也承担较多的工作量。此外，设有支付予发行高级参与方的称之“praecipium” 的额外酬金。
Management Seminar, Management Tools 管理人员研讨会；管理工具
Manila Stock Exchange 马尼拉证券交易所
Marche a Terme International
de France 法国国际期货及期权市场
Marche des Options Negociables
de la Bourse de Paris 巴黎证券交易所期货市场
Margin [期货交易] 保证金；按金
Margin call 要求增补按金
Mark-to-market 按市值计价
Market Capitalization 市场资本值；市值
Market maker 报价商；市场庄家
Market order 市价委托
Market share 市场占有率；市场份额
Marketable securities 有价证券
Marketing 促销；推介；营销
[股市] 首次公开招股(IPO) 的促销期包括有公司管理层参与向投资者宣传其投资故事的公司路演、和帐簿管理人向投资者收集订单的Bookbuilding销售活动。期内，经办银行和投资者双方间的销售和研究人员会定期进行对话。紧接发行前促销活动，促销期经过Bookbuilding程序和发行定价的完成而结束。
Material misstatement 重大失实陈述
MATIF 法国国际期货及期权市场
Mature market 成熟市场
Maturity 到期
[债市] 指债券或其它债务工具已到期并须支付总本金金额的日期
Medium and long term loans 中长期贷款
Medium Term Note 中期票据
Memoranm Of Understand
❷ 急求！一篇关于股票价值投资或投资风险方面的外文文献翻译！要中英文对照的，中文3000字以上外文10000字符
追加多少？
❸ 股票筹资风险的英文摘要
The issue market is refers to has the stock from the plan to the sales entire process, the issue market is the call for fund obtains the fund directly the market. the new company's being established, the old company increases funding or offers loans, must through the issue market, probably draw support in has, the sales stock raising fund, causes the fund to enter in the demand hand from the supplier in the relay, is also transforms the deposit as the investment, thus creates the new actual assets and the monetary assets, increases the social total capital and proctivity, promotes the social economy development, this is the basic-level market function.
1. issue market characteristic: First, not fixed place, may in the Investment bank, the Trust investment company and the negotiable securities company and so on place the occurrence, may also in the market the opening offer new stock; Two do not have the unification occurrence time, according to own needs to move toward by the stock publisher with the market quotation decided voluntarily when distributes.
2. has the market constitution: Has the market to be composed of three main body factor interconnection. These three are the stock publisher, the stock credit corroborative in both urban and rural areas and the stock investor. the publisher's stock issue scale and investor's actual investment ability, is deciding the issue market stock capacity and the developed degree; At the same time, to guarantee that has business's smooth advance, causes to have and the investors can realize own goal smoothly, acts as a purchasing agent and has exclusive selling rights the stock intermediary issue market, issues on another's behalf the traveler outstanding share, and charges the proceral fee to the publisher. Thus, the issue market take the credit corroborative in both urban and rural areas as a center, a relation publisher, a relation investor, positively in development stock issue.
3. stock issue way: Under the various countries' different politics, the economy, the social conditions, specially the monetary system and the money market management's difference causes the stock the release way is also many and varied; According to the different taxonomic approach, may summarize as follows
(1) public release does not come together with public release this according to the release object divides. The public release calls male solicits, is refers to does not have the specific release object beforehand, sells the stock publicly to the social general investors the way. selects this method, may expand shareholder's scope, the dispersion owns stocks, prevents to store up the stock or to operate by the small number of people, is advantageous in enhances company's sociality and the popularity, will be later collects more funds to build the foundation. increases the stock the merchantability and the conctivity. The public release may use the method which Joint-stock company sell directly, may also pay certain release expense to adopt the financial Facilitating agency proxy.
The public release is refers to the publisher only to the specific release object sales promotion stock way. Usually uses in two kind of situations: one is the shareholder share matching, also calls the shareholder to share, namely the Joint-stock company assigns this company's new stock subscriber power according to the stock face value to the original shareholder, mobilizes the shareholder to subscribe. This kind of new stock issue price often is lower than the market price, in fact becomes to shareholder's one kind gives favored treatment, generally the shareholders are glad to the subscriber. if some shareholders are not willing to subscribe, he may give up the new stock subscriber power automatically, may also transfer this kind of subscriber power other people, thus has formed the subscriber power transaction. two are the personal share matchings, also calls the third party to share, namely the Joint-stock company sells outside the shareholder the new stock minute this company staff, the intercourse customer and so on to have with the company the special relationship third party. selects this method often to stem from two kind of considerations: First, to press the preferential price to share the new stock for specific, shows to look after; Second, when the new stock issue encounters the difficulty, shares to the third party supports in order to, regardless of being the shareholder or personal sells on ration, because the release object is decides, therefore, does not need through male to solicit the way, not only this may save the request Facilitating agency's handling charge, reces the cost of capital, but may also transfer the shareholder and the internal enthusiasm, item solid and development company's public relation. But the shortcoming is this kind of public release stock fluidity is bad, cannot publicize in the market transfers the sell, will also rece Joint-stock company's sociality and the popularity, will also exist is offered a very low price with the holding danger.
(2) direct release and distributes this is indirectly sells the sell stock according to the publisher the way not to come together divides. The direct release calls the direct stock offering. Is refers to Joint-stock company to undertake stock issue all business and the release risk, sells the sell stock directly to the subscriber the way. when selects the direct release method, requests the publisher to be familiar with the stock offering procere, the familiar stock offering technology and meets certain requirement. When if the amount of subscription cannot achieve the plan stock offering volume, the newly built Joint-stock company's initiators or the existing Joint-stock company's board of directors must subscribe the stock which sells. , is only therefore suitable in has decides the release object or the release risk are few, proceral simple stock. Generally, because public release's stock or the public release has the difficulty (for example prestige low result's market competitiveness difference, could not bear large quantity release expense and so on) the stock; Perhaps the strength is abundant, has confidence realizes large amount private solicits saves release expense the great Joint-stock company stock, only then uses the direct release the way. the indirect release calls the indirect stock offering, is refers to the publisher to entrust the securities issue Facilitating agency to sell the stock the way. These Facilitating agencies take the stock the sales promotion, handles all release business, undertakes certain release risk and withdraws the corresponding income.
The stock indirect release has 3 methods: one is sells goods for the state, is also called the proxy stock offering, the sales promotion is only responsible according to publisher's condition sales promotion stock, the proxy stock offering service, but does not undertake any release risk, sells how many in the stipulated time internal energy to calculate how many, expires still could not sell the stock to return for the publisher. Because distributes the risk and the responsibility completely undertakes by the publisher, the securities issue Facilitating agency is only is entrusted to replace the sales promotion, therefore, the selling goods for the state handling charge is low. two are sells on consignment, also said that Yu Gu acts as a purchasing agent, the stock publisher and the securities issue Facilitating agency signs the sales promotion contract to stipulate explicitly, in stipulated time, if the Facilitating agency actual sales promotion's result has not been able to achieve the contract provision the release amount, its differential part acts as a purchasing agent down by Facilitating agency. This kind of release method's characteristic is can guarantee that completes the stock issue specified amount, generally gains publisher's popularity, but because the Facilitating agency must undertake certain release risk, therefore sells on consignment the handling charge which the expense is higher than sells goods for the state. three are has exclusive selling rights, also the name buys up the stock offering, when distributes the new stock, the securities issue Facilitating agency disposable to buy completely first with own fund is going the public release stock, then sells graally again according to the market quotation, the Facilitating agency earns business price difference. If has the unsalable stock, the Facilitating agency sells at reced price or has, because the publisher may obtain fast plans the fund completely, but the sales promotion wants to undertake the release risk completely, therefore, has exclusive selling rights the expense to be higher than sells goods for the state spends and sells on consignment the expense. when stock indirect release actually uses which one method, the publisher and the sales promotion consideration angle is different, needs both sides to consult the determination. In general, the publisher mainly considered that he in the market prestige, the expenses time, the cost of capital and to sells the trust degree; The sales promotion main consideration undertakes the risk and can obtain income.
3) paid increases funding, free increases funding with matching increases funding this is defers to the investor subscribes time the stock whether pays the payment for shares to divide. Paid increases funding is refers to the subscriber to according to the stock some kind of issue price payment cash, Fang Neng obtain the stock one release way. the general public release's stock and private solicits the way which the shareholder share matching, the personal share matching use paid increase funding, uses this way outstanding share, may collect the capital stock directly from the outside, increases Joint-stock company's capital in cash. free increases funding, is refers to the subscriber not to need to pay the cash to the Joint-stock company to be possible to obtain the stock the release way, the release object is only restricted in the original shareholder, uses this way release the stock, cannot collect the capital stock directly from the outside management, but is depends upon the rection Joint-stock company's common reserve fund or the earnings balance increases the capital in cash, the release way which generally only when the stock distributes dividends draws bonus, the stock split-up and the legal common reserve fund or the earnings extension make capital share matching uses free increases funding, the new stock free issue for the original shareholder, its goal is mainly in proportion divides for the shareholder the profit, heightens the shareholder confidence and the company prestige or to adjust the capital structure. because the free release must receive the sources of fund the limit, therefore, cannot use this way outstanding share frequently. Matching increases funding, is refers to the Joint-stock company when shares the new stock to the original shareholder, only lets the shareholder pay the issue price a part to be possible to obtain certain amount stock the way, for example the shareholder subscribes the currency value is 100 Yuan stocks, only needed the branch society 50 Yuan to be possible, other parts of free releases, arrived sufficiently by company's common reserve fund. This release way is also to the original shareholder's one kind of preferential benefit, can only collect the partial payment for shares again from their there, realizes the company to increase funding very quickly the plan.
The above these stock issue way, has the advantages and the condition restraint respectively, the Joint-stock company when the outstanding share, may select some method, may also concurrently pick several ways, various companies are embark from own actual situation, selects according to qualification. Presently, various countries use most are many, the most universal way are public and the indirect release
❹ 急求英语作文 股票的利弊
A stock market can change your life, and makes a giant gnome. There is, Bill Gates and warren buffett, li, LiuYuanSheng near the YangHuiYan, ma, shi yuzhu has, liu fang, because they are from, and increase market share envied virtues.
Second, the stock market is like a big stage drama, daily astounding tragicomedy. Actors don't need more makeup, acting, can fry are the star. Despite the tragedy figures than comedy character, but tragedy than play well.
Third, fry is a noble profession. Contemporary folk yue: first-class professional fry stock, secondary vocational and professional advertising street name. Third-class Don't make the vendors, medicine.hurry fry two play.
Four, the stock market is the spiralling, can make a person to get rich quick. Shake it and courage and strength; luck, Don't shake, money of leaves will fall in your head.
Five, the stock market full of philosophy, the static and dynamic can tell you, pleasure and pain, rich and poor, and the philosophy of life and death. Choose to think, fry with the philosopher.
Six, the market can temper one's will, make the person is strong, even to cut meat will utter on Saturday, as the war with the enemy tortured and never renegade underground workers.
Seven, fry is full of excitement, can smoke in the war and peace through baptism, "television, sound", "was", good KuHao cool!
Eight, buy stocks is bought in the future, who does not wish a better tomorrow? Youth without regrets, the future, I take money betting priceless tomorrow, value!
Nine, fry, the game is wise to have high culture, review and profound theory. Don't believe the fund manager at least, why are eligible to dr ma, natural materials shall bear my Fried.
Ten, the stock market full of imagination. Don't think of things, not dare to think, dare do make money, have imagination can make paper money.
11 and market can widen again obtain employment channels, alleviate employment pressure.
Twelve, fry equates to patriotism. The government from stock financing billions every year. Millions of people have donated money for helping soes into the Treasury, stamp ty.
13 and stock elixir, especially the lonely, indifference, selfish and alzheimer's disease. Want to say goodbye to cancer, please.
14, fry can prevent crime, especially the gambling. Fry stock, PaiJiu kumite mahjong tyre was not interested.
15 and fry QianTiaoWanTiao reason, but ultimately only one: right! Fry
Don't fry 35 reason
A stock is a big dye VAT, and if you don't care who put in hand, you will lose. If want to wash, also won't wash clean. Want to JieShenZiHao, please don't fry.
Second, the stock market risk, it is not only will your riches sinister, lane is bad also forfeits his hide.
Third, market with "black" words are too much. The black box and shady, black, black, black... Howl, if you don't, please don't fry colluding.
Four, the stock market is sometimes tell. False performance, false report, reorganization, are false, Big, big and silly, greed, big, Fry, except as stir-fry air, jiaogechan enpty hands. Stir-fry high price is very beautiful, and performance of listed companies, and total salary 1300 yuan only two cents, you get to repay, you believe or not.
Five, the stock market is not fair. As you see firsthand material retail, hear a information, not even see the first-class service, market even didn't have to sit bench. Fry is asking for SINS.
Six, investors identity meanness. Nine people, people who? Calculate only nine etc. "DengWaiPin" outside, millions of people are not even a association, like into hangxiao that fraud, collective action, the court is not accepted.
Seven, the stock market is the department, you put money machine, others without proving am can carry away, and not dozen receipt. Sing a song is so: please take me to your home, stock, please leave your money. Will money or stocks, please choose!
Eight, fry with gambling, and most easily knoe corruption. Banker like "cheat" perspective, wear contact lens, visible, a large number of small organ, you still dare to fry?
Nine, fry is broken families. A man should not wife, family shares by more and more weak, fry stock is the radiant party.
Ten, exchange, good and evil people mixed up, old crowded, people often not to many places, the easiest to cut the purse.
11 and fry as "religious", GuPingGu superstition, superstition of subjects, such as magic, the man went into a believer.
Twelve, fry, if not, is the lowest level of career. As a modern ShunKouLiu can find work, only the stocks, the unit after class, the stock market had mixed.
13 and fry can make people, all the investors for the old stock depth, no less money hold-op smitten, but didn't earn less wrinkles.
14 and fry diseases, especially hypertension can stroke hysteria, etc. Now, in the public eloquent speaker, but is no longer sell leather is the plaster investors.
15, can be addictive, fry the intense dependence, 1 don't fry, moment seems like three years. Suggest the government offered by compulsory quit shares, to save slip investors.
中文翻译：
一、股市能改变人生，使侏儒变成巨人。远的有巴菲特、比尔·盖茨、李嘉诚、刘元生，近的有杨惠研、马云、史玉柱、刘芳、李予成，他们都因股票市值剧增而受人羡慕景仰。
二、股市像一个大舞台，每日上演着轰轰烈烈的悲喜剧。演员不用化妆，更毋需演技，能炒就是明星。尽管悲剧人物多于喜剧角色，但悲剧总比没有剧好。
三、炒股是一种高尚的职业。当代民谣曰：一流职业炒股票，二流职业做广告，三流职业满街叫。不想做叫卖的摊贩，请来炒两把玩玩。
四、股市是棵摇钱树，能使人快速致富。摇动它，全凭力气勇气加运气；不摇，钞票般的树叶不会掉在你头上。
五、股市充满了哲学，能告诉你静与动、苦与乐、穷与富、生与死的哲理。选股要作思考状，炒股者跟哲学家没两样。
六、股市能磨炼人的意志，使人坚强，即使割肉断臂也不会吭上一声，如同战争年代面对敌人严刑拷打也永不变节的地下工作者。
七、炒股充满了刺激，能在和平年代经受战火与硝烟的洗礼，时而“亮剑”，时而吹响“集结号”，好酷好爽呀！
八、买股票就是买未来，谁不愿明天更美好？青春无悔，未来无价，我拿金钱赌明天，值！
九、炒股是智者的游戏，要有很高的文化修养，股评理论高深莫测。不信，为何基金经理起码要博士硕士才有资格担当，天生我材必炒股。
十、股市充满了想象力。不敢想的事敢想，不敢做的事敢做，有钱能使鬼推磨，有想象能使纸变钱。
十一、股市能拓宽再就业渠道，减轻社会就业压力。
十二、炒股等同于爱国。政府每年能从股市融资数千亿。上亿股民都为国企脱困捐了款，为国库交足了印花税。
十三、股市能治百病，特别是孤独、冷漠、自私和老年痴呆症。想告别病魔，请来炒股。
十四、炒股能预防犯罪，特别是赌博犯罪。炒过股票的人，对打麻将推牌九都不感兴趣。
十五、炒股的理由千条万条，但归根结底只有一条：就是炒股有理！
不炒股的十五条理由
一、股市是个大染缸，谁要是不小心把手放进去，就会失去本色。即使想金盆洗手，也洗不干净。要想洁身自好，请不要炒股。
二、股市有风险，其险恶在于不仅要你钱财，弄不好还会赔上小命。
三、股市同“黑”字有太多的渊源。黑箱、黑幕、黑马、黑庄、黑熊……近墨者黑，倘若你不想同流合污，请不要炒股。
四、股市有时是个假大空的场所。假业绩、假年报、假重组，都是假；大话、大傻、大贪，都是大；炒股如同炒空气，除了交割单，两手空空。股价炒得很高，业绩很漂亮，有上市公司老总年薪1300万元，而只分你两毛钱，得不到业绩回报，信不信由你。
五、股市太不公平。身为散户你看不到一手资料，听不到一线信息，得不到一流服务，甚至看大盘连冷板凳都没得坐。炒股等于自找罪受。
六、股民身份低贱。人分九等，股民算老几？只能算九等之外的“等外品”，上亿股民连个协会都没有，受了像杭萧钢构那样的欺诈，集体诉讼，法院都不受理。
七、股市是部提款机，你把钱放进去，别人无须验明正身就能提走，且不打收条。有首歌是这样唱的：请把我的股带回你的家，请把你的钞票留下。要钞票还是要股，请选择吧！
八、炒股跟赌博没什么两样，且最容易滋生腐败。庄家如同“老千”，戴着隐形透视镜，看得见底牌，掌握着开大开小的机关，你还敢炒吗？
九、炒股是家庭破裂的导火索。男人要股不要妻，家庭观念被越炒越淡，而股票就是那勾魂摄魄的第三者。
十、交易厅人满为患，鱼龙混杂，老人常告诫，不要到人多的地方去，最容易被人掏了钱包。
十一、炒股如同“信教”，迷信股评家，迷信概念，对题材走火如魔，把人变为信徒。
十二、炒股算不上职业，如果算的话，也是最低级的职业。有一时髦顺口溜为证：工作没法找，只把股票炒，单位下了课，股市混着过。
十三、炒股能使人衰老，股民无时无刻不为股票深度套牢魂牵梦萦，钱没少赔，皱纹却没少赚。
十四、炒股能生百病，特别是高血压中风歇斯底里症等。如今能在大庭广众口若悬河的，不再是演说家，除了卖狗皮膏药的便是股民。
十五、炒股能使人上瘾，产生强烈的依赖性，一日不炒，如隔三秋。建议政府开办强制戒股所，以挽救失足股民。
❺ 股市有哪些专业术语请告诉他们的英文名称，谢谢
在网络里给你找了一点，希望能对你有所帮助,不过个别术语随着时间的推移,称谓多多少少有些变化.
股市术语
牛市
股票市场上买入者多于卖出者，股市行情看涨称为牛市。形成牛市的因素很多，主要包括以下几个方面：①经济因素：股份企业盈利增多、经济处于繁荣时期、利率下降、新兴产业发展、温和的通货膨胀等都可能推动股市价格上涨。②政治因素：政府政策、法令颁行、或发生了突变的政治事件都可引起股票价格上涨。③股票市场本身的因素：如发行抢购风潮、投机者的卖空交易、大户大量购进股票都可引发牛市发生。
熊市
熊市与牛市相反。股票市场上卖出者多于买入者，股市行情看跌称为熊市。引发熊市的因素与引发牛市的因素差不多，不过是向相反方向变动。
牛皮市
走势波动小，陷入盘整，成交及低。成长股
是指这样一些公司所发行的股票，它们的销售额和利润额持续增长，而且其速度快于整个国家和本行业的增长。这些公司通常有宏图伟略，注重科研，留有大利润作为再投资以促进其扩张。
优绩股
是指过去几年业绩和盈余较佳,展望未来几年仍可看好，只是不会再有高度成长的可能的股票。该行业远景尚佳，投资报酬率也能维持一定的高水平。
投机股
是指那些从事开发性或冒险性的公司的股票。这些股票有时在几天内上涨许多倍，因而能够吸引一些投机者。这种股票的风险性很大。
多头、多头市场
多头是指投资者对股市看好，预计股价将会看涨，于是趁低价时买进股票，待股票上涨至某一价位时再卖出，以获取差额收益。一般来说，人们通常把股价长期保持上涨势头的股票市场称为多头市场。多头市场股价变化的主要特征是一连串的大涨小跌。
空头、空头市场
空头是投资者和股票商认为现时股价虽然较高，但对股市前景看坏，预计股价将会下跌，于是把借来的股票及时卖出，待股价跌至某一价位时再买进，以获取差额收益。采用这种先卖出后买进、从中赚取差价的交易方式称为空头。人们通常把股价长期呈下跌趋势的股票市场称为空头市场，空头市场股价变化的特征是一连串的大跌小涨。
买空
投资者预测股价将会上涨，但自有资金有限不能购进大量股票于是先缴纳部分保证金，并通过经纪人向银行融资以买进股票，待股价上涨到某一价位时再卖，以获取差额收益。
卖空
卖空是投资者预测股票价格将会下跌，于是向经纪人交付抵押金，并借入股票抢先卖出。待股价下跌到某一价位时再买进股票，然后归还借入股票，并从中获取差额收益。
利多
利多是指刺激股价上涨的信息，如股票上市公司经营业绩好转、银行利率降低、社会资金充足、银行信贷资金放宽、市场繁荣等，以及其他政治、经济、军事、外交等方面对股价上涨有利的信息。
利空
利空是指能够促使股价下跌的信息，如股票上市公司经营业绩恶化、银行紧缩、银行利率调高、经济衰退、通货膨胀、天灾人祸等，以及其他政治、经济军事、外交等方面促使股价下跌的不利消息。
长空
长空是指长时间做空头的意思。投资者对股势长远前景看坏，预计股价会持续下跌，在借股卖出后，一直要等股价下跌很长一段时间后再买进，以期获取厚利。
长多
长多是指长时间做多头的意思。投资者对股势前景看好，现时买进股票后准备长期持有，以期股价长期上涨后获取高额差价。
死多
死多是指抱定主意做多头的意思。投资者对股势长远前景看好，买进股票准备长期持有，并抱定一个主意，不赚钱不卖，宁可放上若干年，一直到股票上涨到一个理想价位再卖出。
跳空
股价受利多或利空影响后，出现较大幅度上下跳动的现象。当股价受利多影响上涨时，交易所内当天的开盘价或最低价高于前一天收盘价两个申报单位以上。当股价下跌时，当天的开盘价或最高价低于前一天收盘价在两个申报单位以上。或在一天的交易中，上涨或下跌超过一个申报单位。以上这种股价大幅度跳动现象称之为跳空。
吊空
股票投资者做空头，卖出股票后，但股票价格当天并未下跌，反而有所上涨，只得高价赔钱买回，这就是吊空。
实空
指以自己手中持有的股票放空，股价反弹时并不需要着急补回的人。
空手
指手中无股票，即不是空头，也不是多头，观望股势，等待股价低时买进，高时借股放空的人。
补空
指空头买回以前借来卖出的股票。短空
指对股市前途看跌，借来股票卖出，但于短时间内即买回。
实多
投资者对股价前景看涨，利用自己的资金实力做多头，即使以后股价出现下跌现象，也不急于将购入的股票出手。
开盘价
开盘是指某种证券在证券交易所每个营业日的第一笔交易，第一笔交易的成交价即为当日开盘价。按上海证券交易所规定，如开市后半小时内某证券无成交，则以前一天的盘价为当日开盘价。有时某证券连续几天无成交，则由证券交易所根据客户对该证券买卖委托的价格走势，提出指导价格，促使其成交后作为开盘价。首日上市买卖的证券经上市前一日柜台转让平均价或平均发售价为开盘价。
开平盘
指今日的开盘价与前一营业日的收盘价相同。
收盘价
收盘价是指某种证券在证券交易所一天交易活动结束前最后一笔交易的成交价格。如当日没有成交，则采用最近一次的成交价格作为收盘价，因为收盘价是当日行情的标准，又是下一个交易日开盘价的依据，可据以预测未来证券市场行情；所以投资者对行情分析时，一般采用收盘价作为计算依据。
❻ 描述股票上涨下降 英语作文
给你 中文与英文两个版本 英文有没有翻译错的 对照你自己整理下
影响股票价格的因素
影响股票价格变动的因素很多，但基本上可分为以下三类：市场内部因素，基本面因素，政策因素。
（1）市场内部因素它主要是指市场的供给和需求，即资金面和筹码面的相对比例，如一定阶段的股市扩容节奏将成为该因素重要部分。
（2）基本面因素包括宏观经济因素和公司内部因素，宏观经济因素主要是能影响市场中股票价格的因素，包括经济增长，经济景气循环，利率，财政收支，货币供应量，物价，国际收支等，公司内部因素主要指公司的财务状况。
（3）政策因素是指足以影响股票价格变动的国内外重大活动以及政府的政策，措施，法令等重大事件，政府的社会经济发展计划，经济政策的变化，新颁布法令和管理条例等均会影响到股价的变动
Affect stock price factor Affect stock price changes by many factors, but basically can is divided into the following categories: market internal factors, fundamental factors, policy factors. (1) the market internal factors, it mainly refers to the market supply and demand, namely financing area and the relative proportion chips, such as certain stages of the stock market expansion rhythm will become the factors important parts. (2) fundamental factors include macroeconomic factors and internal factors, macroeconomic factors that can influence the market is mainly in stock prices of factors, including economic growth, economic cycle, rates, budgetary revenues and expenditures, money supply, price, international payments and so on, our company internal factors mainly refers to the financial position of the company. (3) policy factor is enough to affect stock price changes of important domestic and international activities and government policies, measures and laws to major events, the government's social and economic development plan, economic policy changes, the newly issued decrees and regulations etc all can affect stock price changes
影响股票价格重要经济因素
股票价格是指在证券市场上买卖股票的价格。实际上股票只是一种凭证，本身并没有价格，它之所以具有价格，能够在市场上进行买卖，是因为它可以给持有者带来股息收入。股票内在的价值的大小取决于未来预期实现盈利、贴现率和未来反复的年限。企业未来盈利越多，其现值越大，股票价格也越高，而贴现越高，股票内在价值就越低，股票价格也越低。所以，在西方股票市场上，人们都密切注视着企业未来盈利的状况。但事实上，股票价格的确定十分复杂，因为人们对一个企业未来盈利状况的看法并不全相同，有估计得比较悲观，股票在他们眼里的价值就低些，就要卖出；有的认为企业有发展的希望，股票在他们眼里价值就高些，就要买进。当买者多于卖者时，股票的价格就上升；当买者少于卖者时，股票的价格就下跌。所以，股票的市场价格与内在价格更多的时候表现为一致，投资者往往寻找那些内在价值大于市场的股票。
这样以来，就使股票的市场价格处于不断变化之中。它不仅要受各种经济因素的影响而且要受政治局势、政府政策、投资者心理、报刊杂志的消息以及谣言等社会因素的影响。下面着重分析一下影响股票价格的主要经济因素。
Affect stock price important economic factor Stock price "means in the stock market of stock price. Actually the stock is a certificate, does not itself, it is the price has price in the market, can be traded, because it gives the holder bring dividend income. Stock inner value depends on the size of the realization of the expected future earnings, the discount rate and future repeated the fixed number of year. Enterprise future earnings, the more its present value, the greater the stock price is higher also, and discount, the higher the stock intrinsic value will be lower, and stock prices also lower. So, in the west, people in the stock market is closely watched enterprise future earnings situation. But in fact, the determination of stock price is quite complex, because people to an enterprise future profitability opinion is not all the same, has an estimated more pessimistic, shares in their eyes the value of some lower, will sell, Some think the enterprise have the hope for the development of stock in their eyes, value as some taller, will buy. When buyers than sellers, stock prices went up, When buyers less than sellers, stock prices will fall. So, the price of stock market and inner price more of the time performance is consistent, investors tend to seek those intrinsic value than market shares. Since such, you will make the price of stock market is constantly changing. It should not only affected by various factors that influence the economic and political situation, by government policy, investor psychological, magazine, newspaper, news and rumors of social factors influence. Below are emphatically analyzed the influence of stock prices main economic factors.
一、股息
投资者之所以购买股票，是因为它能带来不低于存款利息的股息。股份公司发行股票的数量，不是取决于它的实际资本拥有量，而是取决于股息的派发量。股息越高，购者越踊跃，股票的价格也越高。但是，股息的增加又取决于企业收益的增长。如果企业发行股票的数量增加了，而增资后的利润却为同步增长，股息将无法维持原有水平，必然要减少，股票价格也会随之下降。欧美国家的一些企业，为了不断发展业务，使企业收益日益增长，把公司的净利润大部分或全部留下，以扩大资本积累，用于生产和经营，只发放少量股息或不发放股息，并且，国家在税收制度上也积极整套这样伏。由于企业的股票以即使不发或少发股息，这种股票对投资者也仍有很大的吸引力。
A, dividends Investors had to buy shares, because it can bring not less than deposit interest of dividends. The number of shares of the company shares, not depend on its actual capital ownership, but on the dividend amount distributed. The higher the dividend, buy more enthusiastically, the price of a stock is higher also. But, dividend increase depends on enterprise earnings growth. If the number of shares issued by companies increased, and add endowment hind profits but for increased dividends will not be maintained original level, it's necessary to rece, stock price also is met subsequently decline. Some of the enterprise, European and American countries for continuous development business, make the business income increasing, the company's net income all or most left, in order to enlarge capital accumulation, for the proction and operation, only a few dividends or not issue stated dividend, and national taxation system also actively package of such volts. Because enterprise stock to even not hair or less dividend, stock to send the investor is still very attractive.
二、金融资本和税收
股份公司常常向银行借款，随着借款额的增多，银行对企业的控制也就逐渐加强并取得了相当的发言权。在企业收益减少的情况下，虽然他们希望能够稳定股息，但银行为了自身的安全，会支持企业少发或停发股息，因而影响了股票的价格。税收对投资者影响也很大，投资者购买股票是为了增加收益，如果国家对某些营利事业在税收给以优惠，那么就能使这些企业的税后利润相对增加，使它们的股票升值。
Second, financial capital and revenue Joint-stock company often borrow from Banks, with the loan sum increase, bank of enterprise control also graally strengthened and made it quite claims. In the business income decrease case, although they hope to stabilize dividend, but bank for his own safety, will support enterprises or hair hair less dividend, thus affecting the stock prices. Tax on investors are significantly affected, investors buy stocks for increases the income, if the country for some profit-seeking enterprise in tax give preferential, then can make the enterprise's after-tax profits relative increase, make their stock appreciation.
三、经济周期
在经济繁荣时期，企业盈利多，股息高，股票则猛涨；在经济危机时期，企业生产萎缩，股息下降，股价则猛跌；在经济萧条时期，股价渐有转机；在进入复苏时期后，股价又开始上涨。所以，资本主义股票价格的变动，一般是与资本主义经济周期相适应的。
Third, economic cycle In the economic boom, corporate profits, dividends, stock is soaring high, In the economic crisis periods, enterprise proction decline, stock dividend atrophy, is tumbled, In the economic depression, share price graally a swift, Before entering the recovery period, prices began to rise. So, capitalism stock price movements are generally capitalism and adapt to the economic cycle.
四、通货膨胀
社会货币供应量的增减是影响股票价格的原因之一。通常，货币供应量增加，社会一部分闲置资金就会投向证券交易，从而抬高股价；相反，货币供应量减少，社会购买力降低，股价也必然下跌。由货币供应量不断增大而导致的通货膨胀，在一定限度内对生产有刺激作用，因为它能促进企业销售收入和股票投资名义收益的增加，所以在银行利率不随物价同比例上升的条件下，人们为了保值，将不再热心于存款，而转向投资股票，使股票价格再提高。但是，如果通货膨胀上升过猛，甚至了超过两位数，那么将造成人们实际收入下降和市场需求不足，加剧生产过剩，导致经济危机，使股票价格下跌。
Four, inflation Social money supply and decrease of stock price is to influence factor. Normally, the money supply increase, and the society of idle fund will to securities trading and thus increase share, Instead, money supply decrease, social purchasing power is reced, stocks also inevitable decline. By increasing the money supply to inflation, within limits to proce a stimulating effect, because it can promote the enterprise sales revenue and stock investment income increase, so the name in bank interest rates are with the price with ratio rose, under the condition of people to value, will no longer eager to deposit, and turned to invest in stocks and shares to raise price again. But, if inflation rising vastly, even more than two digits, so will cause people to real income decrease and market demand, aggravate overproction, cause economic crisis, make share prices.
五、贴现率与利率
贴现是银行放款的一种形式，贴现率与存款利率有密切的联系。存款率越高，贴现率也越高。由于股票的价格与企业未来预期盈利成正比，与贴现率（利息率）成反比，所以贴现率（或利息率）的提高，会导致股票价格的下降。但西方国家往往在银行利率上升时，股票市场依然活跌，原因是投资者常常在两者之间选择：银行存款风险小，利率高，收入稳定，但不灵活，资金被固定在一段时间内不能挪作他用，并且通俗读物以抵销通货膨胀造成的损失。而股票可以买卖，较为灵活，风险虽大，但碰上好运，可获大利。所以，在银行利率提高的情况下，仍然有一些具有冒险精神的投资者热心于股票交易。
Five, the discount rate and interest rate Discount is a form of bank lending, the discount rate and deposit rates are closely linked. Deposit rate is high, the discount rate is higher also. Because the price of the stock and the enterprise the expected future earnings is proportional to the discount rate (interest) is inversely proportional to the discount rate (or interest rates, so the promotion of, will lead to stock price falls. But in western countries have often bank interest rate rises, the stock market is still alive, reason is that investors often dropped in between choice: bank deposit small risk, higher interest rates, the income is stable, but not agile, the fund was fixed in a period of time inside cannot be used for other purposes, and popular literature to offset the loss caused by inflation. Stock can be bought, more flexible, though large, but the risk can be awarded with good luck, Italy. So, in the case of higher bank interest rate, there are still some adventurous investors keen on stock trading.
六、科技发明
在产业结构调整和转移时期，新产品的开发显得越来越重要，股价也会受到它们的强烈冲击。
新产品从开发完成至股价下跌这段时间，可分成三个阶段：
1、当消息传出以后，成了热门话题，此时股价自然会上扬，尤其一旦有人用投机手段，则更容易暴涨。
2、已经成为人们争相投资的对象，而这种新发明要普及化，需要很长时间，届时还销不出去的话，股价便会下跌。
3、假如新发明能够提高公司的业绩和利润率，股价会上涨，若没有预期效果，则跌幅很大。
因此，股票交易者必然充分注意这种规律，牢牢掌握股价的主动权。
Six, technological invention In the adjustment of instrial structure and the transfer of The Times, new proct development is becoming more and more important, share price is also under their strong impact. New procts from development completed to share fall this period of time, can be divided into three stages: 1 and when the news spread later, became a hot topic, when share prices will naturally rise, especially when someone with speculative method, then more easily boom. 2, has become people rushed to the object, but this kind of investment to popularize new invention, takes a long time, when we pin not go out, share price will decrease. 3, if new invention can improve the company's sales and profitability, price will rise, if do not have expected effect, then drop greatly. Therefore, stock traders must full attention to such laws, grip shares of the initiative.
❼ 股票K线图中显示英文字母S和B是什么意思
S,英文为sell,代表了卖出股票的意思。B,英文为Buy,代表了买入股票。
看股票K线是炒股最常用的方法之一。股市一直是风险比较大的，可以用K线找一些“规律”，才能分析清楚进而更好投资，获得收益。
分析K线是常用的炒股方法，下面来给大家详细分析，教朋友们自己怎么去分析。
分享之前，先免费送给大家几个炒股神器，能帮你收集分析数据、估值、了解最新资讯等等，都是我常用的实用工具，建议收藏：炒股的九大神器免费领取（附分享码）
一、 股票K线是什么意思？
K线图有许多别的称呼，像是蜡烛图、日本线、阴阳线等，我们常叫K线，它最早是用来计算米价每天的涨跌，之后股票、期货、期权等证券市场都能运用到它。
k线主要由实体和影线组成，它是看起来类似一条柱状的线条。影线在实体上方的部分叫上影线,下方的部分叫下影线，实体分阳线和阴线。
Ps：影线代表的是当天交易的最高和最低价，实体表示的是当天的开盘价和收盘价。
其中阳线的表示方法有三种，分别是：红色、白色柱体还有黑框空心，然而阴线通常用实体柱做代表，颜色一般为绿色、黑色或者蓝色，
另外，“十字线”被我们看到时，就可以认为一条线是实体部分改变后的形态
其实十字线特别简单，可以通过十字线看出收盘价等于开盘价
领会到K线的精髓，我们可以更好地掌握买卖点（对股市方面虽然说是没有办法预测的，但是K线对于指导方面仍然是有作用的），对于新手来说是最好操纵的。
在这我要给大家警醒一下，K线分析起来挺难的，若是你刚开始炒股，K线方面也不清楚的话，建议用一些辅助工具来帮你判断一只股票是否值得买。
比如说下面的诊股链接，输入你中意的股票代码，就能自动帮你估值、分析大盘形势等等，我刚开始炒股的时候就用这种方法来过渡，非常方便：【免费】测一测你的股票当前估值位置？
下面有几个关于K线分析的小妙招，接下来我就给大家讲讲，帮助你快速进入初级阶段。
二、怎么用股票K线进行技术分析？
1、实体线为阴线
这个时候就是需要大家值得注意的是股票成交量，万一成交量不大，这就表示着股价可能会短期下降；而成交量很大的话，那股价很有可能要长期下跌了。
2、实体线为阳线
实体线为阳线就说明股价上涨动力更足，至于是否是长期上涨，还是需要结合一些其他指标进行判断。
比如说大盘形式、行业前景、估值等等因素/指标，但是由于篇幅问题，不能展开细讲，大家可以点击下方链接了解：新手小白必备的股市基础知识大全
应答时间：2021-09-06，最新业务变化以文中链接内展示的数据为准，请点击查看
❽ 股票在交易过程中有哪些特殊的英语标识及具体含义
SST，指还没有进行股改的连续两个会计年度都出现亏损的公司。
ST，这是对连续两个会计年度都出现亏损的公司施行的特别处理。ST即为亏损股。
*ST，是连续三年亏损，有退市风险的意思，购买这样的股票要有比较好的基本面分析能力。
S*ST，指公司经营连续三年亏损，进行退市预警和还没有完成股改。
SST，指公司经营连续二年亏损进行的特别处里和还没有完成股改。
S，还没有进行或完成股改的股票。
股票名称前的英文含义：
分红类：
XR：Exclud Right的缩写。表示该股已除权，购买这样的股票后将不再享有分红的权利； （这个符号在第二个交易日会自动消失，恢复成正常名称）
DR：Dividend Right的缩写。表示除权除息，购买这样的股票不再享有送股派息的权利； （这个符号在第二个交易日会自动消失，恢复成正常名称）
XD：ex (without) dividend的缩写。表示股票除息，购买这样的股票后将不再享有派息的权利。 （这个符号在第二个交易日会自动消失，恢复成正常名称）
其他类：
N：新股上市首日的名称前都会加一个字母N，即英文NEW的意思；另外股改、重组、增发后复牌第一天也有字母N进行区别。（这个符号在第二个交易日会自动消失，恢复成正常名称）
NST：经过重组或股改重新恢复上市的ST股。
G：指已经进行股改的股票。（在股改初期，为了将已经股改的股票和没有改的股票区分开，在已股改的股票名字前面加一个“G”字。目前几乎所有的A股都已经股改完毕，所以现在已经没有G股这一说了。）
❾ 吵股票有一定的风险. 英语怎么说
There's definite risk to trade stocks.