❶ ！！！求關於股票的英文專用名詞！
Accounts payable 應付帳款
Accounts receivable 應收帳款
Accrued interest 應計利息
Accredited Investors 合資格投資者；受信投資人
指符合美國證券交易委員(SEC)條例，可參與一般美國非公開(私募)發行的部份機構和高凈值個人投資者
Accredit value 自然增長值
ACE 美國商品交易所
ADB 亞洲開發銀行
ADR 美國存股證；美國預托收據； 美國存托憑證
[股市] 指由負責保管所存托外國股票的存托銀行所發行一種表明持有人擁有多少外國股票(即存托股份)的收據。ADR一般以美元計價和進行交易，及被視為美國證券。對很多美國投資者而言，買賣ADR比買賣ADR所代表的股票更加方便、更流動、成本較低和容易。
大部份預托收據為ADR；但也可以指全球預托收(GDR) ，歐洲預托收據(EDR) 或國際預托收據(IDR) 。從法律和行政立場而言，所有預托收據具有同樣的意義。
ADS 美國存托股份
Affiliated company 關聯公司；聯營公司
After-market 後市
[股市] 指某隻新發行股票在定價和配置後的交易市場。市場參與者關注的是緊隨的後市情況，即頭幾個交易日。有人把後市定義為股價穩定期，即發行結束後的30天。也有人認為後市應指穩定期過後的交易市況。然而，較為普遍的是把這段時期視為二級市場
AGM 周年大會
Agreement 協議；協定
All-or-none order 整批委託
Allocation 分配；配置
Allotment 配股
Alpha (Market Alpha) 阿爾法；預期市場可得收益水平
Alternative investment 另類投資
American Commodities Exchange 美國商品交易所
American Depository Receipt 美國存股證；美國預托收據；美國存托憑證 (簡稱「ADR 」參見ADR欄目)
American Depository Share 美國存托股份
Amercian Stock Exchange 美國證券交易所
American style option 美式期權
Amex 美國證券交易所
Amortization 攤銷
Amsterdam Stock Exchange 阿姆斯特丹證券交易所
Annual General Meeting 周年大會
Antitrust 反壟斷
APEC 亞太區經濟合作組織(亞太經合組織)
Arbitrage 套利；套匯；套戥
Arbitration 仲裁
Arm's length transaction 公平交易
Articles of Association 公司章程；組織細則
At-the-money option 平價期權；等價期權
ASEAN 東南亞國家聯盟 (東盟)
Asian bank syndication market 亞洲銀團市場
Asian dollar bonds 亞洲美元債券
Asset Allocation 資產配置
Asset Management 資產管理
Asset swap 資產掉期
Assignment method 轉讓方法；指定分配方法
ASX 澳大利亞證券交易所
Auckland Stock Exchange 奧克蘭證券交易所
Auction market 競價市場
Authorized capital 法定股本；核准資本
Authorized fund 認可基金
Authorized representative 授權代表
Australian Options Market 澳大利亞期權交易所
Australian Stock Exchange 澳大利亞證券交易所
Back-door listing 借殼上市
Back-end load 撤離費；後收費用
Back office 後勤辦公室
Back to back FX agreement 背靠背外匯協議
Balance of trade 貿易平衡
Balance sheet 資產負債表
Balloon maturity 期末放氣式償還
Balloon payment 最末期大筆還清
Bank, Banker, Banking 銀行；銀行家；銀行業
Bank for International Settlements 國際結算銀行
Bankruptcy 破產
Base day 基準日
Base rate 基準利率
Basis point 基點；點子
Basis swap 基準掉期
Bear market 熊市；股市行情看淡
Bearer 持票人
Bearer stock 不記名股票
Behind-the-scene 未開拓市場
Below par 低於平值
Benchmark 比較基準
Beneficiary 受益人
Beta (Market beta) 貝他(系數)；市場風險指數
Best practice 最佳做法
Bills department 押匯部
BIS 國際結算銀行
Blackout period 封鎖期
Block trade 大額交易；大宗買賣
Blue chips 藍籌股
Board of directors 董事會
Bona fide buyer 真誠買家
Bond market 債券市場，債市
Bonds 債券，債票
Bonus issue 派送紅股
Bonus share 紅股
Book value 帳面值
Bookbuilding 建立投資者購股意願檔案
[股市] 包銷商用以定價一筆發行的方法。包銷商在促銷活動結束後把所收集的初步購股訂單一一記下，然後根據投資者願意支付的價格水平訂定最終發行價。
Bookrunner 投資意願建檔人；帳簿管理人
[股市] 指負責為發行建立投資者購股意願檔案的銀行，亦即負責為一筆發行組織承銷、擬定不同市場的發行規模、執行促銷活動、定價、配置和後市穩定工作的銀行。
BOOT 建造；擁有；經營；轉讓
BOT 建造；經營；轉讓
Bottom line 底線；最低限度
Bottom-up 由下而上(方法)
Bounced cheque 空頭支票
Bourse 股票交易所(法文)
BP (Basis Point) 基點
Brand management 品牌管理
Break-up fees 破除協議費用
Break-up valuation 破產清理價值評估
Breakeven point 收支平衡點
Bridging loan 臨時貸款/過渡貸款
Broker, Broking,
Brokerage House 經紀；證券買賣；證券交易；證券行；經紀行
Brussels Stock Exchange 布魯塞爾證券交易所
BSSM 建造/設備供應-服務/維修
Bubble economy 泡沫經濟
Build, Operate and Transfer 建造、經營、轉讓
Build, Own, Operate and Transfer 建造；擁有；經營；轉讓
Build/Supply-Service/Maintain 建造/設備供應-服務/維修
Bull market 牛市；股市行情看漲
Bullets 不得贖回直至到期(債券結構之一)
Bullish 看漲; 看好行情
Bundesbank 德國聯邦銀行；德國央行
Business day 營業日
Business management 業務管理；商務管理；工商管理
Business studies 業務研究；商業研究
Buy-back 回購
Buy-side analyst 買方分析員
[股市]為機構投資者服務的股票研究分析員。
Buyer's credit 買方信貸（進口）
Buyout 收購；買入
By-law 細則；組織章程
CAC 巴黎CAC指數
CAGR 復合年增長率
Call-spread warrant 歐洲式跨價認股權證
Call option 認購期權
Call protection/provision 贖回保障/條款
Call warrant 認購認股權證
Callable bond 可贖回債券
Cap 上限
Capacity 生產能力；產能
CAPEX 資本支出
Capital Adequacy Ratio 資本充足比率
Capital base 資本金；資本基楚
Capital expenditure 資本支出
Capitalization >資本值
Capital markets 資本市場；資金市場
Capital raising 融資；籌集資金
Cash-settled warrant 現金認股權證
Cash earnings per share 每股現金盈利
Cash flow 現金流量
CCASS 中央結算及交收系統
CD 存款證
CEDEL 世達國際結算系統(即歐洲貨幣市場結算系統)
Ceiling 上限
Ceiling-floor agreement 上下限協議
Central Clearing & Settlement System 中央結算及交收系統
CEO 行政總栽；行政總監；首席執行官
Certificate of deposit 存款證
Certificate of incumbency 公司授權/委任書
CFO 財務總監；首席財務官
Change of domicile 遷冊(公司更改注冊地址)
Chicago Board of Trade 芝加哥交易所
Chicago Board Options Exchange 芝加哥期權交易所
Chicago Mercantile Exchange 芝加哥商品交易所
China banking 中國銀行業
China Capital Markets 中國資本市場；中國資金市場
China International Capital Corporation, CICC 中國國際金融有限公司；中金公司
China privatization 中國民營化；中國私有化；中國私營化
China restructuring 中國重組；中國改組
China Securities Regulatory Commission 中國證監會
China Stock Markets 中國股票市場；中國股市
Chinese Wall 中國牆
指投資銀行部與銷售部或交易人員之間的隔離，以防範敏感消息外泄，從而構成內幕交易
Claim 索償
Clawback notification 回撥/增加本地公開發行份額通知
Clean price 潔凈價
[債市] 指債券包含應計利息的現值
Closed-end fund 封閉式基金
Co-lead manager 副主承銷；聯席主承銷
Collars 利率上下限
Co-manager 副承銷商
Comfort letter 安慰函；告慰信(由會計師發出)
Commercial loan 商業貸款
Commercial paper 商業票據
Commission rebate 傭金回扣
Commodity Exchange, Inc. 商品交易所有限公司 (紐約)
Company finance 公司融資公司財務
Complex cash flow 復合現金流
Compound annual growth rate 復合年增長率
Confidential pre-filing review 呈報前機密性審核
Confidential submission 機密呈交
Confidentiality agreement 保密協議
Conglomerate 集團/聯合大企業/多業公司
Connected transaction 關聯交易
Consideration 約定金額；代價；考慮因素
Constituent stock 成分股
Construction in progress 在建工程
Consumer Price Index 消費物價指數
Consumption 消費
Contingent liability 或有負債
Contractual joint venture 合約性合作/合資經營
Controlling stake/interest 控股權/權益
Conventional cap 傳統上限
Conversion of state assets into state shares 國家資產作價入股
Conversion premium 轉換溢價
Conversion price 轉換價
Converted net collections 轉換後凈收入
Convertible bonds 可轉換債券；可換股債券
Convexity 債券凸性
[債市]用以量度某隻債券的價格與收益關系的方法。存續期間變化比率。
COO 營運總監；首席營運官
Copenhagen Stock Exchange 哥本哈根證券交易所
Corporate finance 企業融資
Corporate governance 企業管治；公司治理
Corporate vision 企業視野
Corporatization 公司化
Cost 成本
Cost overrun loans 成本墊支貸款
Counsel's opinion 法律顧問意見書
Counterparty credit exposure 對手的信貸風險
Coupon 票息；券息
[債市]發行人承諾會按面值年率計算，向債券持有人支付直至到期日的債券利息。舉例：假如債券的票息為10%，每年便按面值100元支付10元的利息，一般是分期每6個月(半年) 或3個月(每季) 派息一次。
Coupon rate 孳息率；票息
Coupon frequency 派息頻率
[債市] 指債券每年派發利息的次(比如每月、每季、每半年或每年一次)
Covenant 契約
Covered warrant 備兌認股權證
CPI 消費物價指數
Credit facilities 信貸措施
Credit foncia amortization 抵押式攤還法
Credit line 備用信貸；信用額度
Credit rating 信用評級；信貸評級
Credit spread 債券息差
Creditwatch 債信觀察
Cross currency interest rate swap 交叉貨幣利率掉期
CSRC 中國證券監督管理委員會
Currency option 貨幣期權
Currency swap 貨幣掉期
Current account deficit 收支往來帳戶赤字
Current/liquid ratio 流動比率
Customs & usages 慣例和用法
Custodian 保管機構；託管人
Cyclicality 周期
DAX 德國綜合指數
Day count 日算
[債市] 用以計算債券到期前部份期間的應計利息和折現率的協議日數。
Day order 當日指令
Debt equity ratio 債資比率；股本負債率
Debt issuing vehicles 債務發行工具
Debt service coverage ratio 債務償還比率
Default fine 違約罰金
Defaulting 違約；不履行義務
Deferred asset 遞延資產
Deferred charges 遞延費用；待攤費用
Deferred tax 遞延稅項
Deflation 通貨緊縮；通縮
Deleveraged 削減頭寸
Depreciation 折舊
Derivatives 派生產品；衍生產品；衍生金融投資工具
Deutsche Borse AG 德國證券及衍生工具交易所
Deutsche Terminborse 德國期貨交易所
Dilution 攤薄
Direct labor cost 直接勞動成本
Directors' undertakings 董事承諾
Dirty price 臟價
[債市] 指債券不包括應計利息的現值。
Disclosure 信息披露
Discount rate 折扣率；貼現率
Dishonoured cheque 空頭支票
Dividend 股息
DJIA 道瓊斯工業平均指數
Domesitc Qualified Institutional Investor 國內合資格機構投資者
Double bottom/double dip 雙底 (金融圖表)
Dow Jones Instries Average Index 道瓊斯工業平均指數
DQII 國內合資格機構投資者
Dragon bonds 小龍債券
Drawing expense in advance 預提費用
Dual currency bonds 雙貨幣債券
Due diligence 盡職調查
指為了達成承銷一筆證券發行的目的，針對某公司或企業的業務、財務狀況和前景(包括其面對的主要風險) 而進行的一個全面的調查。盡職調查一般可分為業務盡職調查和法律盡職調查兩類。
Duration 存續期間
[債市] 測量某隻債券由於收益變動而產生價格變動的方法。一種測算債券價格波幅相等於債券加權平均到期年期現金流的敏感性測量方法。
E-commerce 電子商務
E-tailers 網上零售商
Earning per share 每股盈利
EBITDA 未計利息、稅項、折舊及攤銷前盈利
EEC 歐洲經濟共同體 (歐共體)
Emerging market 新興市場
EMU 歐洲貨幣聯盟
Engagement letter 委託書
Environmental protection 環(境) 保(護)
Environmental waste 環境廢物
EPS 每股盈利
Equity, Equities 股本，股權，股票
Equity cushion 股本作墊
EU 歐洲聯盟(歐盟)
Eurodollar bonds 歐洲美元債券
European Economic Community 歐洲經濟共同體（歐共體）
European Monetary Union 歐洲貨幣聯盟
European Options Exchange 歐洲期權交易所 (阿姆斯特丹)
European style option 歐式期權
European Union 歐洲聯盟（歐盟）
Ex-coupon 不附息票
Exotic option 第二代期權組合（設回報上或下限）
Exploitation license 采礦許可證
Exploitation right 采礦權
Exploration right 探礦權
Extendible bonds 可延期債券
Extraordinary item 非經常項目
Face value 面值
FEC 外匯券
Federal Open Market Committee 美國聯邦公開市場委員會
Fee-Based Content 收費信息 （互聯網）
Ficiary 信託人/信託機構
Ficiary ty 受信責任；誠信義務
Financial Advisor 財務顧問；融資顧問
Financial Business Operation Permit 經營金融業務許可證
Financial forecast 財務預測
Financial Management 財務管理
Financial Markets, Financial Procts 金融市場；金融產品
Financial Services 金融服務
Fixed asset losses in suspense 待處理固定資產損失
Fixed income 固定收益；定息債券
Floating Rate Note 浮息票據
Floor 下限
Floor broker 出市經紀
Follow-on offering 後續發行
FOMC 聯邦公開市場委員會
Foreign-funded enterprise 外商投資企業
Foreign Exchange 外匯
Foreign Exchange Business Operation Permit 經營外匯業務許可證
Foreign Exchange Certificate 外匯券
Foreign exchange mortgage loan 外匯抵押貸款
Foreign exchange swap center 外匯調劑中心
Formulae Based Amortization 按公式計算的攤還方法
Forward Rate Agreement 遠期利率協議
FRA 遠期利率協議
Franchiser 項目招商人
Franchisor 特許專營受權公司
Frankfurt Stock Exchange 法蘭克福證券交易所
Free float 公眾持股量
[股市] 指由機構投資者及公眾投資者所持有的股份總數占公司已發行股票總數的百分比
FRN 浮息票據
FTSE Index 倫敦金融時報指數 (又稱富時指數)
Fund Management 基金管理
Futures 期貨
FX 外匯
G&A 一般費用及行政費用
G7 七大工業國
GAAP 一般公認會計原則
Gateway 網關/國際關口局
GATT 關稅及貿易從協定
GDP 國內生產總值
GDR 全球預托收據；全球存股證
Gearing ratio 運用倍數
General Acceptable Accounting Principle 一般公認會計原則
General Agreement on Tariffs
& Trade 關稅及貿易從協定
General & Administrative Expenses 一般費用及行政費用
General management 一般管理；綜合管理
Global bearer warrant 全球不記名認股權證
Global coordinator 全球協調人
Global Depository Receipt 全球預托證券；全球存股證
Global finance 全球金融；全球財務
Global financial firm/institution 全球金融公司/機構；世界性金融公司/機構
Global offering 全球發行
GNP 國民生產總值
Going public 上市；公開上市
Goodwill amortization 商譽價值攤銷
Government Concessionary
& Soft Loan 政府特許及軟性貸款
Greenshoe 綠鞋；超額配售選擇權
[股市] 超額配售是所有股票發行的一個重要元素，特別是對採用Bookbuilding銷售方法的發行而言。包銷發行成功主要歸功於能爭取到高於發行量的投資者需求。在這情況下，未能滿足的需求會向後市尋求買入，從而有助實現強勁的價格表現和提高發行在二級市場的流動性。為了讓包銷商能超額配售然後具有靈活度可從市場買回股份以有助穩定後市的交易價，發行人授予包銷商greenshoe，一般相當於發行量的15%，讓包銷商有選擇權可於定價日後30天 (穩定期) 內以發行價向發行人買入額外股份。額外股份只能用於配售給未獲滿足的超出發行量的投資者訂單。超額配售選擇權通常是股價在二級市場上升才被行使，不然的話，一般會通過從二級市場買回股票以填補超額銷售的數量。
Gross domestic proct 國內生產總值
Gross national proct 國民生產總值
Gross profit 毛利潤
Gross spread 總差額
[股市]也稱為總傭金或總費用。發行總差額包含三個部份：承銷費、經辦費和銷售特許傭金。
Group of Seven 七大工業國
Gun jumping 偷步
Hang Seng China Enterprise Index 恆生中國企業指數 (香港)
Hang Seng Index 恆生指數 (香港)
Hedge Fund 對沖基金；套保基金
Hedging 對沖; 套保
HIBOR 香港銀行同業拆借利率
HKFE 香港期貨交易所有限公司
HKMA 香港金融管理局(金管局)
HKSAR 香港特別行政區
HKSCC 香港中央結算有限公司
HKSE 香港證券交易所
Holding Company 控股公司
Homepage 首頁（互聯網）
Hong Kong Futures Exchange Ltd. 香港期貨交易所有限公司
Hong Kong Interbank Offer Rate 香港銀行同業拆放利率
Hong Kong Monetary Authority 香港金融管理局(金管局)
Hong Kong Securities Clearing Co. Ltd. 香港中央結算有限公司
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 香港特別行政區
Hong Kong Stock Exchange 香港證券交易所
HSCEI 恆生中國企業指數 (香港)
HSI 恆生指數(恆指) (香港)
Hybrid cap 混合上限
IAS 國際會計准則
ICP 互聯網內容供貨商
Idle funds 閑置資金
IMF 國際貨幣基金
IMM 國際貨幣市場
Implicit deflator 隱性通貨緊縮指數
Import quota 進口配額
Import tariff 進口關稅
In-the-money 價內（期權）
Incentive site 魚餌網點（互聯網）
Income tax 所得稅；入息稅；薪俸稅
Indemnification 賠償
Indexed performance 指數表現
Indicative price 指示性價格
Instrail and Commercial Consolidated Tax 工商統一稅
Information memoranm 資料備忘錄
Information technology 信息科技
Initial Conversion Premium 初次轉換溢價
Initial Public Offering 首次公開招股發行
Insider trading 內幕交易
Institutional investor 機構投資者
Intangible asset 無形資產
Intellectual property (IP) 知識產權
Interest Rate Swap 利率掉期
Intergovernmental loan 政府間貸款
Interim report 中期報告
Intermediary 中介機構; 中介人
International Accounting Standards 國際會計准則
International Finance 國際融資
International Market 國際市場
International Monetary Fund 國際貨幣基金
International Monetary Market 國際貨幣市場
International Organization for Standardization 國際標准化組織
International Trust & Investment Corp. 國際信託投資公司(國投公司)
Internet Content Provider 互聯網內容供貨商
Internet presence 網上廣告
Intrinsic value 內在價值
Inventory 存貨；庫存
Investment, Investing 投資
Investment advice, Investment advisor 投資咨詢；投資顧問
Investment bank, Investment banking 投資銀行；投資銀行服務
Investment grade 投資級
Investment research 投資研究
Investor Relations 投資者關系
IPO 初次公開發行；首次公開招股
Investor Relations 投資者關系
Irrevocable letter of credit 不可撤消信用狀
ISO 國際標准化組織
Issued (and outstanding) shares 已發行股票
Issuer 發行人
IT 信息科技
ITIC 國際信託投資公司(國投公司)
Joint account 聯名帳戶；共同帳戶
Joint and several liabilities 共同及連帶責任
Joint global coordinator 聯席全球協調人
Joint stock company 股份有限公司
Joint venture 合營企業；合資企業
Jointly operated mines 聯辦礦
Junior mortgage 次級按揭
Junk bond 垃圾債券
Korea Composite Index 韓國綜合指數
Korea Stock Exchange 韓國證券交易所
Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange 吉隆坡證券交易所
L/C 信用狀
LBO 杠桿買斷交易；借貸融資收購
Lead manager 主承銷；牽頭經辦人
Legal persons shares 法人股
Lender 貸款人
Letter of credit 信用狀
Leverage = level of debt/equity 債務水平/比重
Leveraged Buy Out 杠桿買斷交易；借貸融資收購
Leveraged rate 杠桿比率
LIBOR 倫敦銀行同業拆借利率
Lien 扣押；扣押權；留置權
LIFFE 倫敦國際金融期貨及期權交易所
Limited recourse 有限追索權
Limited partnership 有限責任合夥
Linked Exchange Rate System 聯系匯率制度
Liquid investment 短期投資
Liquid Yield Option Note 流動收息權利票據
Liquidity 流動性；流動資金；變現能力
Liquidity ratio 速動比率
Listed company 上市公司
Litigation 訴訟
Local toll collecting highway infrastructure index 地方收費公路基楚設施指數
Lock-in 自然出現（條件）
Lock-out 自然消失（條件）
Lock-up 鎖定；封鎖
[股市]由發行公司或第三者供應方(如適用)作出承諾，在事先未取得承銷商(包銷商) 的同意前，不得進一步出售股份。封鎖期一般是180天，但也可視乎情況而較長。
Lock-Up Agreement 鎖定協議
London Commodity Exchange 倫敦商品交易所
London Interbank Offer Rate 倫敦銀行同業拆放利率
London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange 倫敦國際金融期貨及期權交易所
London Metal Exchange 倫敦金屬交易所
London Stock Exchange 倫敦證券交易所
London Traded Options Market 倫敦期權市場
Long (position) 長倉；好倉；看漲
Long call 買入認購權；認購長倉
Long forward 買遠期
Long put 買入認沽權；認購短倉
Long-term shareholding (loyalty) incentive 長期持股優惠
Long-term supply agreement 長期供應協議
Loose bond 短期買賣債券
Low-Budget Operation 小本經營
Loyalties 特許費
LSE 倫敦證券交易所
LTOM 倫敦期權市場
LYON 流動收息權利票據
M&A 合並與收購
Macroeconomic 宏觀經濟；總體經濟
Madrid Stock Exchange 馬德里證券交易所
Makati Stock Exchange 馬卡地證券交易所
Make-Whole Call 以支付溢價為成本的提前還款權利
Make-Whole Provision >提前贖回補償
Management Best Practice 管理最佳做法
Management Buy-Out, MBO 管理層買斷交易；管理層收購
Management fee 經辦費
[股市]經辦費是支付給銀行作為它們處理為准備和執行一筆發行所涉及的工作的報酬，包括設計發行結、組織承銷團、准備文件和促銷材料等。經辦費的基本拆帳方法是按所承擔的包銷數量計算，認同了有較大包銷承擔的個別機構一般也承擔較多的工作量。此外，設有支付予發行高級參與方的稱之「praecipium」 的額外酬金。
Management Seminar, Management Tools 管理人員研討會；管理工具
Manila Stock Exchange 馬尼拉證券交易所
Marche a Terme International
de France 法國國際期貨及期權市場
Marche des Options Negociables
de la Bourse de Paris 巴黎證券交易所期貨市場
Margin [期貨交易] 保證金；按金
Margin call 要求增補按金
Mark-to-market 按市值計價
Market Capitalization 市場資本值；市值
Market maker 報價商；市場莊家
Market order 市價委託
Market share 市場佔有率；市場份額
Marketable securities 有價證券
Marketing 促銷；推介；營銷
[股市] 首次公開招股(IPO) 的促銷期包括有公司管理層參與向投資者宣傳其投資故事的公司路演、和帳簿管理人向投資者收集訂單的Bookbuilding銷售活動。期內，經辦銀行和投資者雙方間的銷售和研究人員會定期進行對話。緊接發行前促銷活動，促銷期經過Bookbuilding程序和發行定價的完成而結束。
Material misstatement 重大失實陳述
MATIF 法國國際期貨及期權市場
Mature market 成熟市場
Maturity 到期
[債市] 指債券或其它債務工具已到期並須支付總本金金額的日期
Medium and long term loans 中長期貸款
Medium Term Note 中期票據
Memoranm Of Understand
❷ 急求！一篇關於股票價值投資或投資風險方面的外文文獻翻譯！要中英文對照的，中文3000字以上外文10000字元
追加多少？
❸ 股票籌資風險的英文摘要
The issue market is refers to has the stock from the plan to the sales entire process, the issue market is the call for fund obtains the fund directly the market. the new company's being established, the old company increases funding or offers loans, must through the issue market, probably draw support in has, the sales stock raising fund, causes the fund to enter in the demand hand from the supplier in the relay, is also transforms the deposit as the investment, thus creates the new actual assets and the monetary assets, increases the social total capital and proctivity, promotes the social economy development, this is the basic-level market function.
1. issue market characteristic: First, not fixed place, may in the Investment bank, the Trust investment company and the negotiable securities company and so on place the occurrence, may also in the market the opening offer new stock; Two do not have the unification occurrence time, according to own needs to move toward by the stock publisher with the market quotation decided voluntarily when distributes.
2. has the market constitution: Has the market to be composed of three main body factor interconnection. These three are the stock publisher, the stock credit corroborative in both urban and rural areas and the stock investor. the publisher's stock issue scale and investor's actual investment ability, is deciding the issue market stock capacity and the developed degree; At the same time, to guarantee that has business's smooth advance, causes to have and the investors can realize own goal smoothly, acts as a purchasing agent and has exclusive selling rights the stock intermediary issue market, issues on another's behalf the traveler outstanding share, and charges the proceral fee to the publisher. Thus, the issue market take the credit corroborative in both urban and rural areas as a center, a relation publisher, a relation investor, positively in development stock issue.
3. stock issue way: Under the various countries' different politics, the economy, the social conditions, specially the monetary system and the money market management's difference causes the stock the release way is also many and varied; According to the different taxonomic approach, may summarize as follows
(1) public release does not come together with public release this according to the release object divides. The public release calls male solicits, is refers to does not have the specific release object beforehand, sells the stock publicly to the social general investors the way. selects this method, may expand shareholder's scope, the dispersion owns stocks, prevents to store up the stock or to operate by the small number of people, is advantageous in enhances company's sociality and the popularity, will be later collects more funds to build the foundation. increases the stock the merchantability and the conctivity. The public release may use the method which Joint-stock company sell directly, may also pay certain release expense to adopt the financial Facilitating agency proxy.
The public release is refers to the publisher only to the specific release object sales promotion stock way. Usually uses in two kind of situations: one is the shareholder share matching, also calls the shareholder to share, namely the Joint-stock company assigns this company's new stock subscriber power according to the stock face value to the original shareholder, mobilizes the shareholder to subscribe. This kind of new stock issue price often is lower than the market price, in fact becomes to shareholder's one kind gives favored treatment, generally the shareholders are glad to the subscriber. if some shareholders are not willing to subscribe, he may give up the new stock subscriber power automatically, may also transfer this kind of subscriber power other people, thus has formed the subscriber power transaction. two are the personal share matchings, also calls the third party to share, namely the Joint-stock company sells outside the shareholder the new stock minute this company staff, the intercourse customer and so on to have with the company the special relationship third party. selects this method often to stem from two kind of considerations: First, to press the preferential price to share the new stock for specific, shows to look after; Second, when the new stock issue encounters the difficulty, shares to the third party supports in order to, regardless of being the shareholder or personal sells on ration, because the release object is decides, therefore, does not need through male to solicit the way, not only this may save the request Facilitating agency's handling charge, reces the cost of capital, but may also transfer the shareholder and the internal enthusiasm, item solid and development company's public relation. But the shortcoming is this kind of public release stock fluidity is bad, cannot publicize in the market transfers the sell, will also rece Joint-stock company's sociality and the popularity, will also exist is offered a very low price with the holding danger.
(2) direct release and distributes this is indirectly sells the sell stock according to the publisher the way not to come together divides. The direct release calls the direct stock offering. Is refers to Joint-stock company to undertake stock issue all business and the release risk, sells the sell stock directly to the subscriber the way. when selects the direct release method, requests the publisher to be familiar with the stock offering procere, the familiar stock offering technology and meets certain requirement. When if the amount of subscription cannot achieve the plan stock offering volume, the newly built Joint-stock company's initiators or the existing Joint-stock company's board of directors must subscribe the stock which sells. , is only therefore suitable in has decides the release object or the release risk are few, proceral simple stock. Generally, because public release's stock or the public release has the difficulty (for example prestige low result's market competitiveness difference, could not bear large quantity release expense and so on) the stock; Perhaps the strength is abundant, has confidence realizes large amount private solicits saves release expense the great Joint-stock company stock, only then uses the direct release the way. the indirect release calls the indirect stock offering, is refers to the publisher to entrust the securities issue Facilitating agency to sell the stock the way. These Facilitating agencies take the stock the sales promotion, handles all release business, undertakes certain release risk and withdraws the corresponding income.
The stock indirect release has 3 methods: one is sells goods for the state, is also called the proxy stock offering, the sales promotion is only responsible according to publisher's condition sales promotion stock, the proxy stock offering service, but does not undertake any release risk, sells how many in the stipulated time internal energy to calculate how many, expires still could not sell the stock to return for the publisher. Because distributes the risk and the responsibility completely undertakes by the publisher, the securities issue Facilitating agency is only is entrusted to replace the sales promotion, therefore, the selling goods for the state handling charge is low. two are sells on consignment, also said that Yu Gu acts as a purchasing agent, the stock publisher and the securities issue Facilitating agency signs the sales promotion contract to stipulate explicitly, in stipulated time, if the Facilitating agency actual sales promotion's result has not been able to achieve the contract provision the release amount, its differential part acts as a purchasing agent down by Facilitating agency. This kind of release method's characteristic is can guarantee that completes the stock issue specified amount, generally gains publisher's popularity, but because the Facilitating agency must undertake certain release risk, therefore sells on consignment the handling charge which the expense is higher than sells goods for the state. three are has exclusive selling rights, also the name buys up the stock offering, when distributes the new stock, the securities issue Facilitating agency disposable to buy completely first with own fund is going the public release stock, then sells graally again according to the market quotation, the Facilitating agency earns business price difference. If has the unsalable stock, the Facilitating agency sells at reced price or has, because the publisher may obtain fast plans the fund completely, but the sales promotion wants to undertake the release risk completely, therefore, has exclusive selling rights the expense to be higher than sells goods for the state spends and sells on consignment the expense. when stock indirect release actually uses which one method, the publisher and the sales promotion consideration angle is different, needs both sides to consult the determination. In general, the publisher mainly considered that he in the market prestige, the expenses time, the cost of capital and to sells the trust degree; The sales promotion main consideration undertakes the risk and can obtain income.
3) paid increases funding, free increases funding with matching increases funding this is defers to the investor subscribes time the stock whether pays the payment for shares to divide. Paid increases funding is refers to the subscriber to according to the stock some kind of issue price payment cash, Fang Neng obtain the stock one release way. the general public release's stock and private solicits the way which the shareholder share matching, the personal share matching use paid increase funding, uses this way outstanding share, may collect the capital stock directly from the outside, increases Joint-stock company's capital in cash. free increases funding, is refers to the subscriber not to need to pay the cash to the Joint-stock company to be possible to obtain the stock the release way, the release object is only restricted in the original shareholder, uses this way release the stock, cannot collect the capital stock directly from the outside management, but is depends upon the rection Joint-stock company's common reserve fund or the earnings balance increases the capital in cash, the release way which generally only when the stock distributes dividends draws bonus, the stock split-up and the legal common reserve fund or the earnings extension make capital share matching uses free increases funding, the new stock free issue for the original shareholder, its goal is mainly in proportion divides for the shareholder the profit, heightens the shareholder confidence and the company prestige or to adjust the capital structure. because the free release must receive the sources of fund the limit, therefore, cannot use this way outstanding share frequently. Matching increases funding, is refers to the Joint-stock company when shares the new stock to the original shareholder, only lets the shareholder pay the issue price a part to be possible to obtain certain amount stock the way, for example the shareholder subscribes the currency value is 100 Yuan stocks, only needed the branch society 50 Yuan to be possible, other parts of free releases, arrived sufficiently by company's common reserve fund. This release way is also to the original shareholder's one kind of preferential benefit, can only collect the partial payment for shares again from their there, realizes the company to increase funding very quickly the plan.
The above these stock issue way, has the advantages and the condition restraint respectively, the Joint-stock company when the outstanding share, may select some method, may also concurrently pick several ways, various companies are embark from own actual situation, selects according to qualification. Presently, various countries use most are many, the most universal way are public and the indirect release
❹ 急求英語作文 股票的利弊
A stock market can change your life, and makes a giant gnome. There is, Bill Gates and warren buffett, li, LiuYuanSheng near the YangHuiYan, ma, shi yuzhu has, liu fang, because they are from, and increase market share envied virtues.
Second, the stock market is like a big stage drama, daily astounding tragicomedy. Actors don't need more makeup, acting, can fry are the star. Despite the tragedy figures than comedy character, but tragedy than play well.
Third, fry is a noble profession. Contemporary folk yue: first-class professional fry stock, secondary vocational and professional advertising street name. Third-class Don't make the vendors, medicine.hurry fry two play.
Four, the stock market is the spiralling, can make a person to get rich quick. Shake it and courage and strength; luck, Don't shake, money of leaves will fall in your head.
Five, the stock market full of philosophy, the static and dynamic can tell you, pleasure and pain, rich and poor, and the philosophy of life and death. Choose to think, fry with the philosopher.
Six, the market can temper one's will, make the person is strong, even to cut meat will utter on Saturday, as the war with the enemy tortured and never renegade underground workers.
Seven, fry is full of excitement, can smoke in the war and peace through baptism, "television, sound", "was", good KuHao cool!
Eight, buy stocks is bought in the future, who does not wish a better tomorrow? Youth without regrets, the future, I take money betting priceless tomorrow, value!
Nine, fry, the game is wise to have high culture, review and profound theory. Don't believe the fund manager at least, why are eligible to dr ma, natural materials shall bear my Fried.
Ten, the stock market full of imagination. Don't think of things, not dare to think, dare do make money, have imagination can make paper money.
11 and market can widen again obtain employment channels, alleviate employment pressure.
Twelve, fry equates to patriotism. The government from stock financing billions every year. Millions of people have donated money for helping soes into the Treasury, stamp ty.
13 and stock elixir, especially the lonely, indifference, selfish and alzheimer's disease. Want to say goodbye to cancer, please.
14, fry can prevent crime, especially the gambling. Fry stock, PaiJiu kumite mahjong tyre was not interested.
15 and fry QianTiaoWanTiao reason, but ultimately only one: right! Fry
Don't fry 35 reason
A stock is a big dye VAT, and if you don't care who put in hand, you will lose. If want to wash, also won't wash clean. Want to JieShenZiHao, please don't fry.
Second, the stock market risk, it is not only will your riches sinister, lane is bad also forfeits his hide.
Third, market with "black" words are too much. The black box and shady, black, black, black... Howl, if you don't, please don't fry colluding.
Four, the stock market is sometimes tell. False performance, false report, reorganization, are false, Big, big and silly, greed, big, Fry, except as stir-fry air, jiaogechan enpty hands. Stir-fry high price is very beautiful, and performance of listed companies, and total salary 1300 yuan only two cents, you get to repay, you believe or not.
Five, the stock market is not fair. As you see firsthand material retail, hear a information, not even see the first-class service, market even didn't have to sit bench. Fry is asking for SINS.
Six, investors identity meanness. Nine people, people who? Calculate only nine etc. "DengWaiPin" outside, millions of people are not even a association, like into hangxiao that fraud, collective action, the court is not accepted.
Seven, the stock market is the department, you put money machine, others without proving am can carry away, and not dozen receipt. Sing a song is so: please take me to your home, stock, please leave your money. Will money or stocks, please choose!
Eight, fry with gambling, and most easily knoe corruption. Banker like "cheat" perspective, wear contact lens, visible, a large number of small organ, you still dare to fry?
Nine, fry is broken families. A man should not wife, family shares by more and more weak, fry stock is the radiant party.
Ten, exchange, good and evil people mixed up, old crowded, people often not to many places, the easiest to cut the purse.
11 and fry as "religious", GuPingGu superstition, superstition of subjects, such as magic, the man went into a believer.
Twelve, fry, if not, is the lowest level of career. As a modern ShunKouLiu can find work, only the stocks, the unit after class, the stock market had mixed.
13 and fry can make people, all the investors for the old stock depth, no less money hold-op smitten, but didn't earn less wrinkles.
14 and fry diseases, especially hypertension can stroke hysteria, etc. Now, in the public eloquent speaker, but is no longer sell leather is the plaster investors.
15, can be addictive, fry the intense dependence, 1 don't fry, moment seems like three years. Suggest the government offered by compulsory quit shares, to save slip investors.
中文翻譯：
一、股市能改變人生，使侏儒變成巨人。遠的有巴菲特、比爾·蓋茨、李嘉誠、劉元生，近的有楊惠研、馬雲、史玉柱、劉芳、李予成，他們都因股票市值劇增而受人羨慕景仰。
二、股市像一個大舞台，每日上演著轟轟烈烈的悲喜劇。演員不用化妝，更毋需演技，能炒就是明星。盡管悲劇人物多於喜劇角色，但悲劇總比沒有劇好。
三、炒股是一種高尚的職業。當代民謠曰：一流職業炒股票，二流職業做廣告，三流職業滿街叫。不想做叫賣的攤販，請來炒兩把玩玩。
四、股市是棵搖錢樹，能使人快速致富。搖動它，全憑力氣勇氣加運氣；不搖，鈔票般的樹葉不會掉在你頭上。
五、股市充滿了哲學，能告訴你靜與動、苦與樂、窮與富、生與死的哲理。選股要作思考狀，炒股者跟哲學家沒兩樣。
六、股市能磨煉人的意志，使人堅強，即使割肉斷臂也不會吭上一聲，如同戰爭年代面對敵人嚴刑拷打也永不變節的地下工作者。
七、炒股充滿了刺激，能在和平年代經受戰火與硝煙的洗禮，時而「亮劍」，時而吹響「集結號」，好酷好爽呀！
八、買股票就是買未來，誰不願明天更美好？青春無悔，未來無價，我拿金錢賭明天，值！
九、炒股是智者的游戲，要有很高的文化修養，股評理論高深莫測。不信，為何基金經理起碼要博士碩士才有資格擔當，天生我材必炒股。
十、股市充滿了想像力。不敢想的事敢想，不敢做的事敢做，有錢能使鬼推磨，有想像能使紙變錢。
十一、股市能拓寬再就業渠道，減輕社會就業壓力。
十二、炒股等同於愛國。政府每年能從股市融資數千億。上億股民都為國企脫困捐了款，為國庫交足了印花稅。
十三、股市能治百病，特別是孤獨、冷漠、自私和老年痴呆症。想告別病魔，請來炒股。
十四、炒股能預防犯罪，特別是賭博犯罪。炒過股票的人，對打麻將推牌九都不感興趣。
十五、炒股的理由千條萬條，但歸根結底只有一條：就是炒股有理！
不炒股的十五條理由
一、股市是個大染缸，誰要是不小心把手放進去，就會失去本色。即使想金盆洗手，也洗不幹凈。要想潔身自好，請不要炒股。
二、股市有風險，其險惡在於不僅要你錢財，弄不好還會賠上小命。
三、股市同「黑」字有太多的淵源。黑箱、黑幕、黑馬、黑庄、黑熊……近墨者黑，倘若你不想同流合污，請不要炒股。
四、股市有時是個假大空的場所。假業績、假年報、假重組，都是假；大話、大傻、大貪，都是大；炒股如同炒空氣，除了交割單，兩手空空。股價炒得很高，業績很漂亮，有上市公司老總年薪1300萬元，而只分你兩毛錢，得不到業績回報，信不信由你。
五、股市太不公平。身為散戶你看不到一手資料，聽不到一線信息，得不到一流服務，甚至看大盤連冷板凳都沒得坐。炒股等於自找罪受。
六、股民身份低賤。人分九等，股民算老幾？只能算九等之外的「等外品」，上億股民連個協會都沒有，受了像杭蕭鋼構那樣的欺詐，集體訴訟，法院都不受理。
七、股市是部提款機，你把錢放進去，別人無須驗明正身就能提走，且不打收條。有首歌是這樣唱的：請把我的股帶回你的家，請把你的鈔票留下。要鈔票還是要股，請選擇吧！
八、炒股跟賭博沒什麼兩樣，且最容易滋生腐敗。莊家如同「老千」，戴著隱形透視鏡，看得見底牌，掌握著開大開小的機關，你還敢炒嗎？
九、炒股是家庭破裂的導火索。男人要股不要妻，家庭觀念被越炒越淡，而股票就是那勾魂攝魄的第三者。
十、交易廳人滿為患，魚龍混雜，老人常告誡，不要到人多的地方去，最容易被人掏了錢包。
十一、炒股如同「信教」，迷信股評家，迷信概念，對題材走火如魔，把人變為信徒。
十二、炒股算不上職業，如果算的話，也是最低級的職業。有一時髦順口溜為證：工作沒法找，只把股票炒，單位下了課，股市混著過。
十三、炒股能使人衰老，股民無時無刻不為股票深度套牢魂牽夢縈，錢沒少賠，皺紋卻沒少賺。
十四、炒股能生百病，特別是高血壓中風歇斯底里症等。如今能在大庭廣眾口若懸河的，不再是演說家，除了賣狗皮膏葯的便是股民。
十五、炒股能使人上癮，產生強烈的依賴性，一日不炒，如隔三秋。建議政府開辦強制戒股所，以挽救失足股民。
❺ 股市有哪些專業術語請告訴他們的英文名稱，謝謝
在網路里給你找了一點，希望能對你有所幫助,不過個別術語隨著時間的推移,稱謂多多少少有些變化.
股市術語
牛市
股票市場上買入者多於賣出者，股市行情看漲稱為牛市。形成牛市的因素很多，主要包括以下幾個方面：①經濟因素：股份企業盈利增多、經濟處於繁榮時期、利率下降、新興產業發展、溫和的通貨膨脹等都可能推動股市價格上漲。②政治因素：政府政策、法令頒行、或發生了突變的政治事件都可引起股票價格上漲。③股票市場本身的因素：如發行搶購風潮、投機者的賣空交易、大戶大量購進股票都可引發牛市發生。
熊市
熊市與牛市相反。股票市場上賣出者多於買入者，股市行情看跌稱為熊市。引發熊市的因素與引發牛市的因素差不多，不過是向相反方向變動。
牛皮市
走勢波動小，陷入盤整，成交及低。成長股
是指這樣一些公司所發行的股票，它們的銷售額和利潤額持續增長，而且其速度快於整個國家和本行業的增長。這些公司通常有宏圖偉略，注重科研，留有大利潤作為再投資以促進其擴張。
優績股
是指過去幾年業績和盈餘較佳,展望未來幾年仍可看好，只是不會再有高度成長的可能的股票。該行業遠景尚佳，投資報酬率也能維持一定的高水平。
投機股
是指那些從事開發性或冒險性的公司的股票。這些股票有時在幾天內上漲許多倍，因而能夠吸引一些投機者。這種股票的風險性很大。
多頭、多頭市場
多頭是指投資者對股市看好，預計股價將會看漲，於是趁低價時買進股票，待股票上漲至某一價位時再賣出，以獲取差額收益。一般來說，人們通常把股價長期保持上漲勢頭的股票市場稱為多頭市場。多頭市場股價變化的主要特徵是一連串的大漲小跌。
空頭、空頭市場
空頭是投資者和股票商認為現時股價雖然較高，但對股市前景看壞，預計股價將會下跌，於是把借來的股票及時賣出，待股價跌至某一價位時再買進，以獲取差額收益。採用這種先賣出後買進、從中賺取差價的交易方式稱為空頭。人們通常把股價長期呈下跌趨勢的股票市場稱為空頭市場，空頭市場股價變化的特徵是一連串的大跌小漲。
買空
投資者預測股價將會上漲，但自有資金有限不能購進大量股票於是先繳納部分保證金，並通過經紀人向銀行融資以買進股票，待股價上漲到某一價位時再賣，以獲取差額收益。
賣空
賣空是投資者預測股票價格將會下跌，於是向經紀人交付抵押金，並借入股票搶先賣出。待股價下跌到某一價位時再買進股票，然後歸還借入股票，並從中獲取差額收益。
利多
利多是指刺激股價上漲的信息，如股票上市公司經營業績好轉、銀行利率降低、社會資金充足、銀行信貸資金放寬、市場繁榮等，以及其他政治、經濟、軍事、外交等方面對股價上漲有利的信息。
利空
利空是指能夠促使股價下跌的信息，如股票上市公司經營業績惡化、銀行緊縮、銀行利率調高、經濟衰退、通貨膨脹、天災人禍等，以及其他政治、經濟軍事、外交等方面促使股價下跌的不利消息。
長空
長空是指長時間做空頭的意思。投資者對股勢長遠前景看壞，預計股價會持續下跌，在借股賣出後，一直要等股價下跌很長一段時間後再買進，以期獲取厚利。
長多
長多是指長時間做多頭的意思。投資者對股勢前景看好，現時買進股票後准備長期持有，以期股價長期上漲後獲取高額差價。
死多
死多是指抱定主意做多頭的意思。投資者對股勢長遠前景看好，買進股票准備長期持有，並抱定一個主意，不賺錢不賣，寧可放上若干年，一直到股票上漲到一個理想價位再賣出。
跳空
股價受利多或利空影響後，出現較大幅度上下跳動的現象。當股價受利多影響上漲時，交易所內當天的開盤價或最低價高於前一天收盤價兩個申報單位以上。當股價下跌時，當天的開盤價或最高價低於前一天收盤價在兩個申報單位以上。或在一天的交易中，上漲或下跌超過一個申報單位。以上這種股價大幅度跳動現象稱之為跳空。
吊空
股票投資者做空頭，賣出股票後，但股票價格當天並未下跌，反而有所上漲，只得高價賠錢買回，這就是吊空。
實空
指以自己手中持有的股票放空，股價反彈時並不需要著急補回的人。
空手
指手中無股票，即不是空頭，也不是多頭，觀望股勢，等待股價低時買進，高時借股放空的人。
補空
指空頭買回以前借來賣出的股票。短空
指對股市前途看跌，借來股票賣出，但於短時間內即買回。
實多
投資者對股價前景看漲，利用自己的資金實力做多頭，即使以後股價出現下跌現象，也不急於將購入的股票出手。
開盤價
開盤是指某種證券在證券交易所每個營業日的第一筆交易，第一筆交易的成交價即為當日開盤價。按上海證券交易所規定，如開市後半小時內某證券無成交，則以前一天的盤價為當日開盤價。有時某證券連續幾天無成交，則由證券交易所根據客戶對該證券買賣委託的價格走勢，提出指導價格，促使其成交後作為開盤價。首日上市買賣的證券經上市前一日櫃台轉讓平均價或平均發售價為開盤價。
開平盤
指今日的開盤價與前一營業日的收盤價相同。
收盤價
收盤價是指某種證券在證券交易所一天交易活動結束前最後一筆交易的成交價格。如當日沒有成交，則採用最近一次的成交價格作為收盤價，因為收盤價是當日行情的標准，又是下一個交易日開盤價的依據，可據以預測未來證券市場行情；所以投資者對行情分析時，一般採用收盤價作為計算依據。
❻ 描述股票上漲下降 英語作文
給你 中文與英文兩個版本 英文有沒有翻譯錯的 對照你自己整理下
影響股票價格的因素
影響股票價格變動的因素很多，但基本上可分為以下三類：市場內部因素，基本面因素，政策因素。
（1）市場內部因素它主要是指市場的供給和需求，即資金面和籌碼面的相對比例，如一定階段的股市擴容節奏將成為該因素重要部分。
（2）基本面因素包括宏觀經濟因素和公司內部因素，宏觀經濟因素主要是能影響市場中股票價格的因素，包括經濟增長，經濟景氣循環，利率，財政收支，貨幣供應量，物價，國際收支等，公司內部因素主要指公司的財務狀況。
（3）政策因素是指足以影響股票價格變動的國內外重大活動以及政府的政策，措施，法令等重大事件，政府的社會經濟發展計劃，經濟政策的變化，新頒布法令和管理條例等均會影響到股價的變動
Affect stock price factor Affect stock price changes by many factors, but basically can is divided into the following categories: market internal factors, fundamental factors, policy factors. (1) the market internal factors, it mainly refers to the market supply and demand, namely financing area and the relative proportion chips, such as certain stages of the stock market expansion rhythm will become the factors important parts. (2) fundamental factors include macroeconomic factors and internal factors, macroeconomic factors that can influence the market is mainly in stock prices of factors, including economic growth, economic cycle, rates, budgetary revenues and expenditures, money supply, price, international payments and so on, our company internal factors mainly refers to the financial position of the company. (3) policy factor is enough to affect stock price changes of important domestic and international activities and government policies, measures and laws to major events, the government's social and economic development plan, economic policy changes, the newly issued decrees and regulations etc all can affect stock price changes
影響股票價格重要經濟因素
股票價格是指在證券市場上買賣股票的價格。實際上股票只是一種憑證，本身並沒有價格，它之所以具有價格，能夠在市場上進行買賣，是因為它可以給持有者帶來股息收入。股票內在的價值的大小取決於未來預期實現盈利、貼現率和未來反復的年限。企業未來盈利越多，其現值越大，股票價格也越高，而貼現越高，股票內在價值就越低，股票價格也越低。所以，在西方股票市場上，人們都密切注視著企業未來盈利的狀況。但事實上，股票價格的確定十分復雜，因為人們對一個企業未來盈利狀況的看法並不全相同，有估計得比較悲觀，股票在他們眼裡的價值就低些，就要賣出；有的認為企業有發展的希望，股票在他們眼裡價值就高些，就要買進。當買者多於賣者時，股票的價格就上升；當買者少於賣者時，股票的價格就下跌。所以，股票的市場價格與內在價格更多的時候表現為一致，投資者往往尋找那些內在價值大於市場的股票。
這樣以來，就使股票的市場價格處於不斷變化之中。它不僅要受各種經濟因素的影響而且要受政治局勢、政府政策、投資者心理、報刊雜志的消息以及謠言等社會因素的影響。下面著重分析一下影響股票價格的主要經濟因素。
Affect stock price important economic factor Stock price "means in the stock market of stock price. Actually the stock is a certificate, does not itself, it is the price has price in the market, can be traded, because it gives the holder bring dividend income. Stock inner value depends on the size of the realization of the expected future earnings, the discount rate and future repeated the fixed number of year. Enterprise future earnings, the more its present value, the greater the stock price is higher also, and discount, the higher the stock intrinsic value will be lower, and stock prices also lower. So, in the west, people in the stock market is closely watched enterprise future earnings situation. But in fact, the determination of stock price is quite complex, because people to an enterprise future profitability opinion is not all the same, has an estimated more pessimistic, shares in their eyes the value of some lower, will sell, Some think the enterprise have the hope for the development of stock in their eyes, value as some taller, will buy. When buyers than sellers, stock prices went up, When buyers less than sellers, stock prices will fall. So, the price of stock market and inner price more of the time performance is consistent, investors tend to seek those intrinsic value than market shares. Since such, you will make the price of stock market is constantly changing. It should not only affected by various factors that influence the economic and political situation, by government policy, investor psychological, magazine, newspaper, news and rumors of social factors influence. Below are emphatically analyzed the influence of stock prices main economic factors.
一、股息
投資者之所以購買股票，是因為它能帶來不低於存款利息的股息。股份公司發行股票的數量，不是取決於它的實際資本擁有量，而是取決於股息的派發量。股息越高，購者越踴躍，股票的價格也越高。但是，股息的增加又取決於企業收益的增長。如果企業發行股票的數量增加了，而增資後的利潤卻為同步增長，股息將無法維持原有水平，必然要減少，股票價格也會隨之下降。歐美國家的一些企業，為了不斷發展業務，使企業收益日益增長，把公司的凈利潤大部分或全部留下，以擴大資本積累，用於生產和經營，只發放少量股息或不發放股息，並且，國家在稅收制度上也積極整套這樣伏。由於企業的股票以即使不發或少發股息，這種股票對投資者也仍有很大的吸引力。
A, dividends Investors had to buy shares, because it can bring not less than deposit interest of dividends. The number of shares of the company shares, not depend on its actual capital ownership, but on the dividend amount distributed. The higher the dividend, buy more enthusiastically, the price of a stock is higher also. But, dividend increase depends on enterprise earnings growth. If the number of shares issued by companies increased, and add endowment hind profits but for increased dividends will not be maintained original level, it's necessary to rece, stock price also is met subsequently decline. Some of the enterprise, European and American countries for continuous development business, make the business income increasing, the company's net income all or most left, in order to enlarge capital accumulation, for the proction and operation, only a few dividends or not issue stated dividend, and national taxation system also actively package of such volts. Because enterprise stock to even not hair or less dividend, stock to send the investor is still very attractive.
二、金融資本和稅收
股份公司常常向銀行借款，隨著借款額的增多，銀行對企業的控制也就逐漸加強並取得了相當的發言權。在企業收益減少的情況下，雖然他們希望能夠穩定股息，但銀行為了自身的安全，會支持企業少發或停發股息，因而影響了股票的價格。稅收對投資者影響也很大，投資者購買股票是為了增加收益，如果國家對某些營利事業在稅收給以優惠，那麼就能使這些企業的稅後利潤相對增加，使它們的股票升值。
Second, financial capital and revenue Joint-stock company often borrow from Banks, with the loan sum increase, bank of enterprise control also graally strengthened and made it quite claims. In the business income decrease case, although they hope to stabilize dividend, but bank for his own safety, will support enterprises or hair hair less dividend, thus affecting the stock prices. Tax on investors are significantly affected, investors buy stocks for increases the income, if the country for some profit-seeking enterprise in tax give preferential, then can make the enterprise's after-tax profits relative increase, make their stock appreciation.
三、經濟周期
在經濟繁榮時期，企業盈利多，股息高，股票則猛漲；在經濟危機時期，企業生產萎縮，股息下降，股價則猛跌；在經濟蕭條時期，股價漸有轉機；在進入復甦時期後，股價又開始上漲。所以，資本主義股票價格的變動，一般是與資本主義經濟周期相適應的。
Third, economic cycle In the economic boom, corporate profits, dividends, stock is soaring high, In the economic crisis periods, enterprise proction decline, stock dividend atrophy, is tumbled, In the economic depression, share price graally a swift, Before entering the recovery period, prices began to rise. So, capitalism stock price movements are generally capitalism and adapt to the economic cycle.
四、通貨膨脹
社會貨幣供應量的增減是影響股票價格的原因之一。通常，貨幣供應量增加，社會一部分閑置資金就會投向證券交易，從而抬高股價；相反，貨幣供應量減少，社會購買力降低，股價也必然下跌。由貨幣供應量不斷增大而導致的通貨膨脹，在一定限度內對生產有刺激作用，因為它能促進企業銷售收入和股票投資名義收益的增加，所以在銀行利率不隨物價同比例上升的條件下，人們為了保值，將不再熱心於存款，而轉向投資股票，使股票價格再提高。但是，如果通貨膨脹上升過猛，甚至了超過兩位數，那麼將造成人們實際收入下降和市場需求不足，加劇生產過剩，導致經濟危機，使股票價格下跌。
Four, inflation Social money supply and decrease of stock price is to influence factor. Normally, the money supply increase, and the society of idle fund will to securities trading and thus increase share, Instead, money supply decrease, social purchasing power is reced, stocks also inevitable decline. By increasing the money supply to inflation, within limits to proce a stimulating effect, because it can promote the enterprise sales revenue and stock investment income increase, so the name in bank interest rates are with the price with ratio rose, under the condition of people to value, will no longer eager to deposit, and turned to invest in stocks and shares to raise price again. But, if inflation rising vastly, even more than two digits, so will cause people to real income decrease and market demand, aggravate overproction, cause economic crisis, make share prices.
五、貼現率與利率
貼現是銀行放款的一種形式，貼現率與存款利率有密切的聯系。存款率越高，貼現率也越高。由於股票的價格與企業未來預期盈利成正比，與貼現率（利息率）成反比，所以貼現率（或利息率）的提高，會導致股票價格的下降。但西方國家往往在銀行利率上升時，股票市場依然活跌，原因是投資者常常在兩者之間選擇：銀行存款風險小，利率高，收入穩定，但不靈活，資金被固定在一段時間內不能挪作他用，並且通俗讀物以抵銷通貨膨脹造成的損失。而股票可以買賣，較為靈活，風險雖大，但碰上好運，可獲大利。所以，在銀行利率提高的情況下，仍然有一些具有冒險精神的投資者熱心於股票交易。
Five, the discount rate and interest rate Discount is a form of bank lending, the discount rate and deposit rates are closely linked. Deposit rate is high, the discount rate is higher also. Because the price of the stock and the enterprise the expected future earnings is proportional to the discount rate (interest) is inversely proportional to the discount rate (or interest rates, so the promotion of, will lead to stock price falls. But in western countries have often bank interest rate rises, the stock market is still alive, reason is that investors often dropped in between choice: bank deposit small risk, higher interest rates, the income is stable, but not agile, the fund was fixed in a period of time inside cannot be used for other purposes, and popular literature to offset the loss caused by inflation. Stock can be bought, more flexible, though large, but the risk can be awarded with good luck, Italy. So, in the case of higher bank interest rate, there are still some adventurous investors keen on stock trading.
六、科技發明
在產業結構調整和轉移時期，新產品的開發顯得越來越重要，股價也會受到它們的強烈沖擊。
新產品從開發完成至股價下跌這段時間，可分成三個階段：
1、當消息傳出以後，成了熱門話題，此時股價自然會上揚，尤其一旦有人用投機手段，則更容易暴漲。
2、已經成為人們爭相投資的對象，而這種新發明要普及化，需要很長時間，屆時還銷不出去的話，股價便會下跌。
3、假如新發明能夠提高公司的業績和利潤率，股價會上漲，若沒有預期效果，則跌幅很大。
因此，股票交易者必然充分注意這種規律，牢牢掌握股價的主動權。
Six, technological invention In the adjustment of instrial structure and the transfer of The Times, new proct development is becoming more and more important, share price is also under their strong impact. New procts from development completed to share fall this period of time, can be divided into three stages: 1 and when the news spread later, became a hot topic, when share prices will naturally rise, especially when someone with speculative method, then more easily boom. 2, has become people rushed to the object, but this kind of investment to popularize new invention, takes a long time, when we pin not go out, share price will decrease. 3, if new invention can improve the company's sales and profitability, price will rise, if do not have expected effect, then drop greatly. Therefore, stock traders must full attention to such laws, grip shares of the initiative.
❼ 股票K線圖中顯示英文字母S和B是什麼意思
S,英文為sell,代表了賣出股票的意思。B,英文為Buy,代表了買入股票。
看股票K線是炒股最常用的方法之一。股市一直是風險比較大的，可以用K線找一些「規律」，才能分析清楚進而更好投資，獲得收益。
分析K線是常用的炒股方法，下面來給大家詳細分析，教朋友們自己怎麼去分析。
分享之前，先免費送給大家幾個炒股神器，能幫你收集分析數據、估值、了解最新資訊等等，都是我常用的實用工具，建議收藏：炒股的九大神器免費領取（附分享碼）
一、 股票K線是什麼意思？
K線圖有許多別的稱呼，像是蠟燭圖、日本線、陰陽線等，我們常叫K線，它最早是用來計算米價每天的漲跌，之後股票、期貨、期權等證券市場都能運用到它。
k線主要由實體和影線組成，它是看起來類似一條柱狀的線條。影線在實體上方的部分叫上影線,下方的部分叫下影線，實體分陽線和陰線。
Ps：影線代表的是當天交易的最高和最低價，實體表示的是當天的開盤價和收盤價。
其中陽線的表示方法有三種，分別是：紅色、白色柱體還有黑框空心，然而陰線通常用實體柱做代表，顏色一般為綠色、黑色或者藍色，
另外，「十字線」被我們看到時，就可以認為一條線是實體部分改變後的形態
其實十字線特別簡單，可以通過十字線看出收盤價等於開盤價
領會到K線的精髓，我們可以更好地掌握買賣點（對股市方面雖然說是沒有辦法預測的，但是K線對於指導方面仍然是有作用的），對於新手來說是最好操縱的。
在這我要給大家警醒一下，K線分析起來挺難的，若是你剛開始炒股，K線方面也不清楚的話，建議用一些輔助工具來幫你判斷一隻股票是否值得買。
比如說下面的診股鏈接，輸入你中意的股票代碼，就能自動幫你估值、分析大盤形勢等等，我剛開始炒股的時候就用這種方法來過渡，非常方便：【免費】測一測你的股票當前估值位置？
下面有幾個關於K線分析的小妙招，接下來我就給大家講講，幫助你快速進入初級階段。
二、怎麼用股票K線進行技術分析？
1、實體線為陰線
這個時候就是需要大家值得注意的是股票成交量，萬一成交量不大，這就表示著股價可能會短期下降；而成交量很大的話，那股價很有可能要長期下跌了。
2、實體線為陽線
實體線為陽線就說明股價上漲動力更足，至於是否是長期上漲，還是需要結合一些其他指標進行判斷。
比如說大盤形式、行業前景、估值等等因素/指標，但是由於篇幅問題，不能展開細講，大家可以點擊下方鏈接了解：新手小白必備的股市基礎知識大全
應答時間：2021-09-06，最新業務變化以文中鏈接內展示的數據為准，請點擊查看
❽ 股票在交易過程中有哪些特殊的英語標識及具體含義
SST，指還沒有進行股改的連續兩個會計年度都出現虧損的公司。
ST，這是對連續兩個會計年度都出現虧損的公司施行的特別處理。ST即為虧損股。
*ST，是連續三年虧損，有退市風險的意思，購買這樣的股票要有比較好的基本面分析能力。
S*ST，指公司經營連續三年虧損，進行退市預警和還沒有完成股改。
SST，指公司經營連續二年虧損進行的特別處里和還沒有完成股改。
S，還沒有進行或完成股改的股票。
股票名稱前的英文含義：
分紅類：
XR：Exclud Right的縮寫。表示該股已除權，購買這樣的股票後將不再享有分紅的權利； （這個符號在第二個交易日會自動消失，恢復成正常名稱）
DR：Dividend Right的縮寫。表示除權除息，購買這樣的股票不再享有送股派息的權利； （這個符號在第二個交易日會自動消失，恢復成正常名稱）
XD：ex (without) dividend的縮寫。表示股票除息，購買這樣的股票後將不再享有派息的權利。 （這個符號在第二個交易日會自動消失，恢復成正常名稱）
其他類：
N：新股上市首日的名稱前都會加一個字母N，即英文NEW的意思；另外股改、重組、增發後復牌第一天也有字母N進行區別。（這個符號在第二個交易日會自動消失，恢復成正常名稱）
NST：經過重組或股改重新恢復上市的ST股。
G：指已經進行股改的股票。（在股改初期，為了將已經股改的股票和沒有改的股票區分開，在已股改的股票名字前面加一個「G」字。目前幾乎所有的A股都已經股改完畢，所以現在已經沒有G股這一說了。）
❾ 吵股票有一定的風險. 英語怎麼說
There's definite risk to trade stocks.